c hello.c 到输出 hello

c hello.c 到输出 hello

Preprocessing phase.The preprocessor (cpp) modifies the original C program
according to directives that begin with the # character. For example, the
#include <stdio.h> command in line 1 of hello.c tells the preprocessor
to read the contents of the system header file stdio.h and insert it directly
into the program text. The result is another C program, typically with the .i
suffix.
.Compilation phase. The compiler (cc1) translates the text file hello.i into
the text file hello.s, which contains an assembly-language program. Each
statement in an assembly-language program exactly describes one low-level
machine-language instruction in a standard text form. Assembly language is
useful because it provides a common output language for different compilers
for different high-level languages. For example, C compilers and Fortran
compilers both generate output files in the same assembly language.
.Assembly phase. Next, the assembler (as) translates hello.s into machine-
language instructions, packages them in a form known as a relocatable object
program, and stores the result in the object file hello.o. The hello.o file is
a binary file whose bytes encode machine language instructions rather than
characters. If we were to view hello.o with a text editor, it would appear to
be gibberish.
.Linkingphase.Noticethatourhelloprogramcallstheprintffunction,which
is part of the standard C library provided by every C compiler. The printf
function resides in a separate precompiled object file called printf.o, which
mustsomehowbemergedwithourhello.oprogram.Thelinker(ld)handles
this merging. The result is the hello file, which is an executable object file (or
simply executable) that is ready to be loaded into memory and executed by
the system.

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