public,protected,private可见性
public:所有类都可见;
protected:包内所有类以及其他包的子类;
private:己类以及内部类可见;
默认(不加修饰符):包内可见;
static:
静态域:被static修饰的域,它属于类,不属于任何对象实例;
static修饰的方法,属于类,可通过类来调用,同时返回类型也必须是static的类型(基本类型);
不能直接访问非静态对象和方法,不能使用super和this;
也就意味着只能操作静态域了。
static块:
在类加载时被创建,优先于非static块执行;
总而言之,static修饰的东西会在类加载时准备好,脱离对象执行;
class Employee{
private int id=1;
private static int staticid=1;
public int getstaticid(){
return staticid;
}
public int getid(){
return id;
}
public int addid(){
id++;
return id;
}
public static int addstaticid(){
//id++;//error
//this.name="";//编译不通过
staticid++;
return staticid;
}
}
public class StaticTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
//静态块会顺序执行
Employee e=new Employee();
System.out.println(e.getstaticid());//1
Employee e1=new Employee();
System.out.println(e1.getstaticid());//1
//通过类的静态方法也可以改变静态域
System.out.println(Employee.addstaticid());//2
System.out.println(e.addstaticid());//3
//所有对象共享一个静态类,它属于类
System.out.println(e1.getstaticid());//3
/*final Person s1=new Person();
final Person s2=new Person();
s1=s2;//编译不通过
*/
System.out.println(e.getid());//1
e.addid();
System.out.println(e.getid());//2
System.out.print(e1.getid());//1
}
}
例子二:
class Employee{
private int id=1;
private static int staticid=1;
private static String name;
static{
staticid++;
//id++;//编译不通过,须为static变量
}
{
id--;
staticid--;
}
public String getOlder(){
return name;
}
public int getstatic(){
return staticid;
}
public int getid(){
return id;
}
public static int getstaticid(){
//staticid++;
return staticid;
}
static{
staticid++;
}
{
id+=2;
}
}
public class StaticTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
Employee e=new Employee();
System.out.println(e.getstatic());//3
Employee e1=new Employee();
System.out.println(e1.getstatic());//3
System.out.println(Employee.getstaticid());//4
System.out.println(e1.getstatic());//4
System.out.println(e.getid());
System.out.println(e.getOlder());
/*final Person s1=new Person();
final Person s2=new Person();
s1=s2;//编译不通过
*/
}
}
final:
final实例域被设置之后,不能被修改;
final修饰的方法不能被重写(父子继承关系);
final修饰的类,不能被继承;
final Person s1=new Person();
final Person s2=new Person();
s1=s2;//编译不通过
finalize方法:
垃圾回收器在确认对象不再被引用时调用,不确保能被执行;
可以用来释放非Java资源;
import:
导入包,如果两个包都需要使用,则需明确写明;
如:java.sql.date和java.util.date类;
cmd中javac与java的差别:
javac com/wiky/test/a.java
Java com.wiky.test/a
编译器不会监测目录结构,运行时才会出错(包名出错时);