IOC(Inversion of Control),即控制反转,它使你不需要再自己来实现对象的创建,而是把这些工作都交由容器来进行管理,增加了代码的可重用性。下面,便手动实现一个简单的IOC容器。
首先建立一个接口和这个接口的2个实现类:
package cn.cgw.ioc;
public interface ReportGenerator {
public void generate(String[][] table);
}
package cn.cgw.ioc;
public class HtmlReportGenerator implements ReportGenerator {
public void generate(String[][] table) {
System.out.println("Generate HTML report...............");
}
}
package cn.cgw.ioc;
public class PdfReportGenerator implements ReportGenerator {
public void generate(String[][] table) {
System.out.println("Generate PDF report..................");
}
}
然后,我们建立一个名为ReportService的类,在这个类中需要到ReportGenerator接口的实现类对象,我们不再手工创建它,而是由IOC容器来管理,在这个类中采用setter方法进行注入。
package cn.cgw.ioc;
public class ReportService {
private ReportGenerator reportGenerator;
/**
* 采用setter注入
* @param reportGenerator
*/
public void setReportGenerator(ReportGenerator reportGenerator) {
this.reportGenerator = reportGenerator;
}
public void generateAnnualReport(int year) {
String[][] statistics = null;
//
// Gather statistics for the year ...
//
reportGenerator.generate(statistics);
}
public void generateMonthlyReport(int year, int month) {
String[][] statistics = null;
//
// Gather statistics for the month ...
//
reportGenerator.generate(statistics);
}
public void generateDailyReport(int year, int month, int day) {
String[][] statistics = null;
//
// Gather statistics for the day ...
//
reportGenerator.generate(statistics);
}
}
下面我们建立一个属性文件,在属性文件中,定义了属性与对应类的映射关系:
# Define a new component "reportGenerator"
reportGenerator=cn.cgw.ioc.HtmlReportGenerator
# Define a new component "reportService"
reportService=cn.cgw.ioc.ReportService
# Inject the component "reportGenerator" into property "reportGenerator"
reportService.reportGenerator=reportGenerator
然后,我们实现IOC容器,在这个类中需要用到Apache的两个jar包。分别是common-logging和common-beanutils
package cn.cgw.ioc;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
public class Container {
private Map<String,Object> components;
public Container() {
components = new HashMap<String,Object>();
try {
Properties properties = new Properties();
//load properties file
InputStream istr = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("components.properties");
properties.load(istr);
for(Map.Entry entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String key = (String)entry.getKey();
String value = (String)entry.getValue();
processEntry(key,value);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void processEntry(String key, String value) throws Exception{
String[] parts = key.split("\\.");
//new component definition
if(parts.length == 1) {
//reflection
Object component = Class.forName(value).newInstance();
components.put(parts[0], component);
} else {
// Dependency injection
Object component = components.get(parts[0]);
Object reference = components.get(value);
PropertyUtils.setProperty(component,parts[1],reference);
}
}
public Object getComponent(String id) {
return components.get(id);
}
}
这样我们的工作就完成了,最后再写个测试方法来检验代码的正确性:
Container container = new Container();
ReportService reportService = (ReportService)container.getComponent("reportService");
reportService.generateAnnualReport(2009);
可以看到,输出的结果为:
Generate HTML report...............
如果,我们将属性文件中reportGenerator=的值改为PdfReportGenerator,则输出的结果为:
Generate PDF report...............
通过以上结果我们可以清楚地认识到IOC的特性,我们并没有在ReportService类中创建ReportGenerator的任何实现类对象,这一切都是交由IOC容器进行管理的,通过属性文件的配置,我们可以轻松地更改想要使用的ReportGenerator实现类对象,它大大提高了代码的复用性。