在DB运维的过程中,难免碰到需要跨多个服务器以及多个Oracle实例查询数据库的情形。比如我们需要查看当前所有生产环境数据库上open_cursor参数的值以便考虑是否需要增加。而需要查看的数据库服务器上有多个实例,同时又存在多个数据库服务器,这样子下来,几十个DB,上百个的情形一个个查,那得把人给累死。那就像点办法撒,写个shell脚本,轮巡所有服务器及服务器上的所有实例。见本文的描述。
关于shell脚本中如何调用SQL,可以参考下列链接:
Linux/Unix shell 脚本中调用SQL,RMAN脚本
Linux/Unix shell sql 之间传递变量
1、使用ssh-keygen生成密钥实现快速登陆
- 要跨服务器自动执行脚本,得需要实现免密码自动登陆,然后才能在多个服务器之间跳转,因此我们首先需要生成登陆密钥。
- 生存登陆密钥需要三个步骤,在本地机器创建密钥,复制公钥要远程主机,将公钥追加到远程主机的authorized_keys
- 下面是一个操作示例:
- oracle@linux1:~> mkdir ~/.ssh #首先在本地创建.ssh目录并赋予权限
- oracle@linux1:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh
- oracle@linux1:~> ssh-keygen -t rsa #使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对,也可以使用dsa方式
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
- Enter file in which to save the key (/users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa):
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.
- Your public key has been saved in /users/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
- The key fingerprint is:
- 01:c8:48:01:f2:3d:a7:b4:cd:4a:9c:10:2d:ba:ef:4e oracle@linux1
- oracle@linux2:~> mkdir ~/.ssh #远程服务器创建.ssh目录并赋予权限
- oracle@linux2:~> chmod 700 ~/.ssh
- oracle@linux1:~> scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.168.1.196:~/.ssh #复制公钥到远程服务器,即机器linux2
- The authenticity of host '172.168.1.196 (172.168.1.196)' can't be established.
- RSA key fingerprint is 08:3d:69:80:85:1d:ce:57:32:e0:72:e0:38:66:0c:36.
- Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
- Warning: Permanently added '172.168.1.196' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
- Password:
- id_rsa.pub 100% 393 0.4KB/s 00:00
- oracle@linux2:~> cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys #将公钥追加到远程服务器的authorized_keys
- oracle@linux1:~> ssh 172.168.1.196 date #验证是否需要输入密码
- Thu Aug 22 10:50:47 HKT 2013
2、使用tnsnames方式轮巡多服务器及实例
- #下面是通过tnsnames方式进行轮巡的shell脚本,也就是仅仅需要从远程服务器获取/etc/oratab下的所有实例即可
- #需要注意的:
- # a. 确保本地环境存在到所有远程服务器的tnsnames连接字符串,如果没有也没有关系,会收到错误
- # b. 需要所有被轮巡数据库的用户及密码并具有相应的权限
- # c. 如果所需要执行的sql属于比较复杂的情形,我们可以将sql语句写入到一个单独的文件,然后调用
- oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_tns.sh
- # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- # Script Name: query_multi_inst_tns.sh |
- # Desc: This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file, |
- # after that look through oratab and execute SQL for each instance |
- # in local machine by tnsnames. |
- # Req: Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host |
- # Add Oracle Net string to local tnsnames.ora for each remote instance |
- # Author : Robinson |
- # Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612 |
- # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- #!/bin/bash
- # --------------------------------------------
- # Set environment vairable and define variable
- # --------------------------------------------
- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
- . ~/.bash_profile
- fi
- ORATAB=/etc/oratab
- RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts
- LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst.log
- # -------------------------------
- # take a loop in each hostname
- # -------------------------------
- {
- for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`
- do
- echo "************************************"
- echo "Current host is $host."
- echo "************************************"
- echo ""
- # ---------------------------
- # take a loop in ORATAB file
- # ---------------------------
- for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`
- do
- echo "------------------------------------"
- echo "Current database is $db. "
- echo "------------------------------------"
- $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -S usr/passwd@$db <<EOF
- col name format a30
- col value format a20
- select name,value from v\$parameter where name='open_cursors';
- exit
- EOF
- done
- done
- }|tee -a ${LOGFILE} 2>&1
- exit
3、直接在远程服务器环境轮巡所有实例
- #下面是直接在远程主机环境执行SQL并轮巡的shell脚本,这种方式可以用于没有或不知道数据库用户及密码的情形
- #需要注意的:
- # a. 该方式使用了基于操作系统用户身份验证,应确保支持该方式
- # b. 如果需要执行的SQL语句比较复杂,直接嵌套的shell脚本也复杂。如果写成.sql文件,每一个服务器需要存在一个副本
- oracle@linux1:~> more query_multi_inst_notns.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- # Script Name: query_multi_inst_notns.sh |
- # Desc: This script login to different remote host where define in known_host file, |
- # after that look through oratab and execute SQL in each remote instance. |
- # Req: Configure a secure shell by ssh-keygen to all remote host |
- # Author : Robinson |
- # Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612 |
- # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- #
- # --------------------------------------------
- # Set environment vairable and define variable
- # --------------------------------------------
- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
- . ~/.bash_profile
- fi
- ORATAB=/etc/oratab
- RHOST=~/.ssh/known_hosts
- LOGFILE=/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/log/query_multi_inst_notns.log
- # -------------------------------
- # take a loop in each hostname
- # -------------------------------
- {
- for host in `cat $RHOST | awk '{print $1}'`
- do
- echo "************************************"
- echo "Current host is $host."
- echo "************************************"
- echo ""
- # ---------------------------
- # take a loop in ORATAB file
- # ---------------------------
- for db in `ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# |cut -d ":" -f1`
- do
- echo "------------------------------------"
- echo "Current database is $db. "
- echo "------------------------------------"
- home=`ssh $host cat $ORATAB |egrep ':N|:Y'|grep -v \* | grep -v \# | grep $db |cut -d ":" -f2`
- ssh $host "
- export ORACLE_SID=$db
- export ORACLE_HOME=${home}
- ${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/sqlplus -S / as sysdba <<EOF
- col name format a30
- col value format a20
- select name,value from v\\"\$"parameter where name='open_cursors';
- exit
- EOF"
- done
- done
- }|tee -a ${LOGFILE} 2>&1
- exit
4、测试
- #使用tnsnames方式测试
- oracle@linux1:~> ./query_multi_inst_tns.sh
- ************************************
- Current host is 172.168.2.196.
- ************************************
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US001.
- ------------------------------------
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------ --------------------
- open_cursors 300
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US002.
- ------------------------------------
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------ --------------------
- open_cursors 300
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US003. #这个是没有tnsnames的情形
- ------------------------------------
- ERROR:
- ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
- #直接在远程服务器环境轮巡测试
- oracle@linux1:~> ./query_multi_inst_notns.sh
- ************************************
- Current host is 172.168.1.196.
- ************************************
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US001.
- ------------------------------------
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------ --------------------
- open_cursors 300
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US002.
- ------------------------------------
- NAME VALUE
- ------------------------------ --------------------
- open_cursors 300
- ------------------------------------
- Current database is US005. #远程服务器上的实例没有启动的情形
- ------------------------------------
- select name,value from v$parameter where name='open_cursors'
- *
- ERROR at line 1:
- ORA-01034: ORACLE not available