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以太网:ethX,例如:eth0, eth1, ...
PPP网络:pppX,例如:ppp0, ppp1, ...
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①如果Fireware或BIOS为主板上集成的设备提供索引信息可用,则根据此索引进行命名,如:eno1, eno2, ...
②如果Fireware或BIOS为PCI-E扩展槽所提供的索引信息可用,且可预测,则根据此索引进行命名,如ens1, ens2, ...
③如果硬件接口的物理位置信息可用,则根据此信息命名,如enp2s0, ...
④如果用户显示定义,也可根据MAC地址命名,例如:enx122161ab212
#上述均不可用时,则仍使用传统方式命名;
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en:ethernet
wl:wlan
#无线局域网
ww:wwan
#无线广域网
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o<index>
#集成设备的设备索引号;
s<slot>
#扩展槽对的索引号;
x<MAC>
#基于MAC地址的命名;
p<bus>s<slot>
#基于总线及槽的拓扑结构进行命名;
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-
命令行配置(ifcfg家族,iproute家族,nm家族)
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配置文件
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文本图形化配置
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
从flags可知该接口已启用,支持广播、组播,mtu值
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
IPv4地址 子网掩码 广播地址
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
IPv6地址 掩码长度 作用域,link表示仅该接口有效
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
网卡接口的MAC地址 传输队列长度 接口类型为Ethernet
RX packets 266 bytes 26083 (25.4 KiB)
上行表示此接口接收的报文个数,总字节数
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
接收报文错误数,丢弃数,溢出数,冲突的帧数
TX packets 141 bytes 20086 (19.6 KiB)
上行表示此接口发送的报文个数,总字节数
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
发送报文错误数,丢弃数,溢出数,载荷数,冲突数
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 318 bytes 30857 (30.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 192 bytes 24612 (24.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens38: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 341 bytes 32973 (32.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 214 bytes 28076 (27.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens38 192.168.10.1/24 up
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens38
ens38: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
#UP表示已启用
inet 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1 bytes 60 (60.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens38 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33 promisc
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4419<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
混杂模式已开启
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 762 bytes 71714 (70.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 538 bytes 65928 (64.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33 -promisc
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
#混杂模式已关闭
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 836 bytes 78408 (76.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 593 bytes 72218 (70.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifdown ens38
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
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[root@localhost ~]
# ifup ens38
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
Could not load
file
'/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens38'
RTNETLINK answers: File exists
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[root@localhost ~]
# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
link-
local
0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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[root@localhost ~]
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
#Destination:目标路由;
#Gateway:网关;如果是默认路由的网关则可称为默认网关;其中Gateway为0.0.0.0的路由条目为无需 网关之意,表示该目标路由为本地主机路由,又称直连路由。
#Genmask:子网掩码;
#Flags:路由的标志位;U表示启用状态,G表示默认网关,H表示主机路由;
#Metric:度量值;表示到达该目标路由的开销;
#Iface:使用哪个接口将报文发送出去;
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Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
6.6.6.6 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 ens38
#显示已添加;
10.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens38
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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[root@localhost ~]
# route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 192.168.10.1
#注意:下一跳(网关)必须与本地网络上某个主机IP地址处在同一网段;接口会自动识别,可不指定;
[root@localhost ~]
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens38
#显示已添加;
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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方式一:
[root@localhost ~]
# route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 10.10.10.2
方式二:
[root@localhost ~]
# route add default gw 10.10.10.2
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[root@localhost ~]
# route del -net 10.0.0.0/8
[root@localhost ~]
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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方式一:
[root@localhost ~]
# route del default
[root@localhost ~]
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
#默认路由已删除;
方式二:
[root@localhost ~]
# route del -net 0.0.0.0/0
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[root@localhost ~]
# netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens38
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 *:54569 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:
ssh
*:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN
.....(省略).....
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 18 [ ] DGRAM 14606
/dev/log
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15536 @
/var/run/hald/dbus-Rat1Ns9j6z
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16112
/var/run/pcscd
.
comm
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14153 @ISCSID_UIP_ABSTRACT_NAMESPACE
.....(省略).....
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -ta
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 *:54569 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:
ssh
*:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 64 10.10.10.139:
ssh
10.10.10.1:52401 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.10.10.139:
ssh
10.10.10.1:56538 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:44980 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:
ssh
*:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -ua
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:*
udp 0 0 *:756 *:*
udp 0 0 *:ipp *:*
udp 0 0 *:ldaps *:*
udp 0 0 *:36110 *:*
udp 0 0 localhost:814 *:*
udp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:*
udp 0 0 *:756 *:*
udp 0 0 *:55832 *:*
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -tan
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54569 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 64 10.10.10.139:22 10.10.10.1:52401 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.10.10.139:22 10.10.10.1:56538 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::44980 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -uan
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:756 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36110 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:814 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 :::111 :::*
udp 0 0 :::756 :::*
udp 0 0 :::55832 :::*
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -tnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54569 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::44980 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -unl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:756 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36110 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:814 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 :::111 :::*
udp 0 0 :::756 :::*
udp 0 0 :::55832 :::*
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -tunl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54569 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::44980 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:756 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36110 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:814 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 :::111 :::*
udp 0 0 :::756 :::*
udp 0 0 :::55832 :::*
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[root@osyunwei ~]
# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID
/Program
name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54569 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1910
/rpc
.statd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1853
/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2223
/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1985
/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2305
/master
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1853
/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 :::44980 :::* LISTEN 1910
/rpc
.statd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 2223
/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1985
/cupsd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2305
/master
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1853
/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:756 0.0.0.0:* 1853
/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 1985
/cupsd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:* 1781
/portreserve
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36110 0.0.0.0:* 1910
/rpc
.statd
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:814 0.0.0.0:* 1910
/rpc
.statd
udp 0 0 :::111 :::* 1853
/rpcbind
udp 0 0 :::756 :::* 1853
/rpcbind
udp 0 0 :::55832 :::* 1910
/rpc
.statd
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[root@localhost ~]
# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
ens33 1500 5128 0 0 0 3702 0 0 0 BMRU
ens38 1500 449 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 65536 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 LRU
或者:
[root@localhost ~]
# netstat -I
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[root@localhost ~]
# netstat -Iens33 #注意-I选项和指定接口之间不能有空格;
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
ens33 1500 5155 0 0 0 3720 0 0 0 BMRU
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link #此时list或show可省略;
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens38 #查看指定接口属性时,show或list不能省略;
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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先查看ens38接口的状态:
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
#ens38接口处于UP状态;
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 down
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
#ens38接口处于DOWN状态;
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 up
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
#ens38接口已重新启用;
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 name ens30
RTNETLINK answers: Device or resource busy
#显示繁忙,接口必须在DOWN状态下才可重命名;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 down
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 name ens30 #命令键入后没有任何提示,说明修改完成;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens30
3: ens30: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
#查看ens30接口二层属性;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens38
Device
"ens38"
does not exist.
#原来的ens38已不存在;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens30 up #启用修改完成的ens30接口;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens30
3: ens30: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens30 mtu 1400 multicast off
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show ens30
3: ens30: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
#ens的flags中已无MULTICAST属性,且MTU已修改为1400;
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns add mynet #先创建名称空间mynet;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns list #查看已有的名称空间;
mynet
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens30 netns mynet #将ens30接口移至名称空间mynet中;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns exec mynet ip link show #在名称空间mynet之上运行命令"ip link show",而"ip netns exec mynet"类似于进入虚拟的名称空间中,在此之上运行COMMAND.
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
3: ens30: <BROADCAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link show #重新查看接口属性;
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
#可以发现ens30已经消失了!因为它已经跑到名称空间mynet里去了。
#基于netns这种机制可以搭建复杂的内部网络/虚拟网络。
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns add Jack
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns list
Jack
mynet
#这里显示刚刚创建的Jack以及之前创建的mynet;
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns del mynet
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns list
Jack
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip link #首先查看当前主机上的所有接口属性;
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens38: <BROADCAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns list #列出所有的netns;
Jack
[root@localhost ~]
# ip link set ens38 netns Jack #将ens38接口放进Jack(netns)中;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns exec Jack ip link #在Jack(netns)中运行"ip link";
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
3: ens38: <BROADCAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns exec Jack ip addr add 172.16.10.1/24 dev ens38 #在Jack(netns)中为挪进去的ens38接口配置IP/NETMASK;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip netns exec Jack ip addr show ens38 #在Jack(netns)中查看ens38接口IP地址;
3: ens38: <BROADCAST> mtu 1400 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.10.1
/24
scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link
/loopback
00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1
/8
scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1
/128
scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.10.10.140
/24
brd 10.10.10.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.10.10.138
/24
brd 10.10.10.255 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
或者:
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.10.10.140
/24
brd 10.10.10.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.10.10.138
/24
brd 10.10.10.255 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
或者:
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr list ens33
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr add 192.168.20.1/24 dev ens38
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.20.1
/24
scope global ens38
#显示已添加该地址,并作为ens38接口的secondary地址,如果没有指定别名,则该地址在ifconfig命令中不会显示;
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr add 172.168.10.1/24 dev ens38 label ens38:0
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.20.1
/24
scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.168.10.1
/24
scope global ens38:0
#显示已添加,网卡别名为ens38:0,并作为ens38的secondary地址;
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
用
ifconfig
显示:
[root@localhost ~]
# ifconfig ens38:0
ens38:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.20.1
/24
scope global ens38
#要删除的IP地址;
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.168.10.1
/24
scope global ens38:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]
#
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr delete 192.168.20.1/24 dev ens38
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.168.10.1
/24
scope global ens38:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
显示已经删除。
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr flush dev ens38
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show
default via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
10.10.10.0
/24
dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.10.140
169.254.0.0
/16
dev ens33 scope link metric 1002
172.16.0.0
/16
via 192.168.20.1 dev ens38 src 192.168.30.1
172.16.10.0
/24
via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
192.168.10.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.1
192.168.20.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.30.1
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show 172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0.0
/16
via 192.168.20.1 dev ens38 src 192.168.30.1
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route add 172.16.10.0/24 via 10.10.10.2
[root@localhost ~]
# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 ens33
172.16.10.0 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr add 192.168.10.1/24 dev ens38 #为ens38接口添加地址;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr add 192.168.20.1/24 dev ens38
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr add 192.168.30.1/24 dev ens38
[root@localhost ~]
# ip addr show ens38
3: ens38: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link
/ether
00:0c:29:c8:ff:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.1
/24
scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.20.1
/24
scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.30.1
/24
scope global ens38
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff58
/64
scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route add 172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.20.1 src 192.168.30.1
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route list
default via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
10.10.10.0
/24
dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.10.140
169.254.0.0
/16
dev ens33 scope link metric 1002
172.16.0.0
/16
via 192.168.20.1 dev ens38 src 192.168.30.1
#src为192.168.30.1
172.16.10.0
/24
via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
192.168.10.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.1
192.168.20.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.30.1
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show 172.16.0.0/16 #先查看172.16.0.0/16路由信息;
172.16.0.0
/16
via 192.168.20.1 dev ens38 src 192.168.30.1
#源地址为192.168.30.1;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route change 172.16.0.0/16 src 192.168.10.1 #将172.160.0.0/16这条路由的源地址改为192.168.10.1;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show 172.16.0.0/16
172.16.0.0
/16
dev ens38 scope link src 192.168.10.1
#源地址已改动;
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route change 30.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.20.1 src 192.168.10.1
RTNETLINK answers: No such
file
or directory
#如果使用change命令则无法修改,因为路由30.0.0.0/8事先不存在;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route replace 30.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.20.1 src 192.168.10.1 #如果使用replace命令则在键入后无任何信息输出;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show 30.0.0.0/8 #查看30.0.0.0/8路由的信息,以检测该路由是否存在;
30.0.0.0
/8
via 192.168.20.1 dev ens38 src 192.168.10.1
#说明如果指定路由不存在则会自动按指定的属性创建该路由;
#ip route replace命令类似于rpm -Uvh(若程序包原先存在则升级,不存在则自动安装);
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route del 30.0.0.0/8
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show
default via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
10.10.10.0
/24
dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.10.140
169.254.0.0
/16
dev ens33 scope link metric 1002
172.16.0.0
/16
dev ens38 scope link src 192.168.10.1
172.16.10.0
/24
via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
192.168.10.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.1
192.168.20.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.30.1
#可看出30.0.0.0/8路由已被删除;
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route get 192.168.10.0/16
broadcast 192.168.10.0 dev ens38 src 192.168.10.1
cache <
local
,brd>
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[root@localhost ~]
# ip route flush 192.168.10.0/24 #删除指定路由;
[root@localhost ~]
# ip route show
default via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
10.10.10.0
/24
dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.10.10.140
169.254.0.0
/16
dev ens33 scope link metric 1002
172.16.0.0
/16
dev ens38 scope link src 192.168.10.1
172.16.10.0
/24
via 10.10.10.2 dev ens33
192.168.20.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.20.1
192.168.30.0
/24
dev ens38 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.30.1
#指定路由已被删除,功能类似del;
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[root@localhost ~]
# ss -tan '( dport = :22 or sport = :22 )'
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
ESTAB 0 52 10.10.10.140:22 10.10.10.1:56108
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
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[root@localhost ~]
# ss -tan state established
Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
0 52 10.10.10.140:22 10.10.10.1:56108
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[root@localhost ~]
# vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost ~]
# dig -t A public1.114dns.com.
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -t A public1.114dns.com.
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,
id
: 64858
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;public1.114dns.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
public1.114dns.com. 441 IN A 114.114.114.114
#解出地址,说明该DNS服务器地址有效;
;; Query
time
: 38 msec
;; SERVER: 114.114.114.114
#53(114.114.114.114)
;; WHEN: Sat Feb 11 19:38:48 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 63
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[root@localhost ~]
# dig -x 114.114.114.114 #由IP地址解析出FQDN;
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -x 114.114.114.114
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,
id
: 48274
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;114.114.114.114.
in
-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
114.114.114.114.
in
-addr.arpa. 330 IN PTR public1.114dns.com.
#获取FQDN,反解成功;
;; Query
time
: 39 msec
;; SERVER: 114.114.114.114
#53(114.114.114.114)
;; WHEN: Sat Feb 11 19:42:21 CST 2017
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 89
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[root@localhost ~]
# nslookup 114.114.114.114
Server: 114.114.114.114
Address: 114.114.114.114
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
114.114.114.114.
in
-addr.arpa name = public1.114dns.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
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[root@localhost ~]
# nslookup 114.114.114.114
Server: 114.114.114.114
Address: 114.114.114.114
#53
Non-authoritative answer:
114.114.114.114.
in
-addr.arpa name = public1.114dns.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
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[root@localhost ~]
# host public1.114dns.com.
public1.114dns.com has address 114.114.114.114
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[root@localhost ~]
# host 114.114.114.114
114.114.114.114.
in
-addr.arpa domain name pointer public1.114dns.com.
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[root@localhost ~]
# hostname
localhost.localdomain
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[root@localhost ~]
# hostname www.iTab.com
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[root@localhost ~]
# hostnamectl
Static
hostname
: localhost
Transient
hostname
: localhost.localdomain
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: dca382f93a984870b93aab37ceaf66dc
Boot ID: 033b1679890b4e6e9c1bafe6528e9c8e
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:
/o
:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
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[root@localhost ~]
# hostnamectl set-hostname www.iTab.com
[root@localhost ~]
# hostnamectl #注意:该命令会修改配置文件,不会立即生效,但重启后会永久生效;
Static
hostname
: www.itab.com
Pretty
hostname
: www.iTab.com
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: dca382f93a984870b93aab37ceaf66dc
Boot ID: 033b1679890b4e6e9c1bafe6528e9c8e
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:
/o
:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
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[root@localhost ~]
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=www.iTab.com
#注意:此方法不会立即有效,但重启会一直有效;
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配置文件参数:
DEVICE:此配置文件对应的设备的名称;
ONBOOT:在系统引导过程中,是否激活此接口;
BOOTPROTO:激活此接口时通过什么协议来配置此接口的属性;常用的有:dhcp, bootp, static, none;
PEERDNS:如果BOOTPROTO的值为
"dhcp"
,则是否允许dhcp server分配的DNS服务器指向覆盖本地手动指定的DNS服务器指向;默认为允许(
yes
);
UUID:此设备的唯一标识;
IPV6INIT:是否初始化IPv6;
TYPE:接口类型,常见的有:Ethernet, Bridge;
DNS1:第一DNS服务器指向;
DNS2:备用DNS服务器指向;
DOMAIN:指定搜索域;
IPADDR:IP地址;
NETMASK:子网掩码;
GATEWAY:默认网关;在CentOS 7上还支持使用PREFIX以长度方式指明子网掩码;
USERCTL:是否允许普通用户控制此设备;
HWADDR:此设备的MAC地址;
NM_CONTROLLED:是否使用NetworkManager服务来控制此接口;
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方式一:
# /etc/init.d/network restart
方式二:
# service network restart
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方式一(推荐):
# systemctl restart network.service
方式二:
# service network restart
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network
NetworkManager
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[root@loaclhost ~]
# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.1.1/24
[root@loaclhost ~]
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::e927:7013:71ec:ffd2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 56804 bytes 12970225 (12.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 18808 bytes 2949415 (2.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
......(以下省略)......
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DEVICE=IFACE_LABEL
#指定网卡别名;
BOOTPROTO=static
#网上别名不支持动态获取地址;支持static, none;
IPADDR=
#IP地址;
NETMASK=
#子网掩码;
删除原有其他接口的HWADDR
删除原有其他接口的UUID
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[root@loaclhost ~]
# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@loaclhost ~]
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33:0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=
yes
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=
yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#保存并退出;
[root@loaclhost ~]
# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务network;
[root@www ~]
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.10.10.140 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:ff4e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 56847 bytes 12975355 (12.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 18844 bytes 2952385 (2.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 00:0c:29:c8:ff:4e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
#配置成功!
......(以下省略)......
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TARGET via GW
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ADDRESS
#=TARGET
NETMASK
#=MASK
GATEWAY
#=NEXTHOP
#其中'#'为数字,表示第几组路由条目;
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[root@localhost ~]
# route -n #配置前先查看路由表;
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
[root@localhost ~]
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33 #手动编辑路由配置文件;
100.0.0.0
/8
via 10.10.10.2
#采用每一行一个路由条目方式;
[root@localhost ~]
# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务network;
[root@localhost ~]
# route -n #查看路由表;
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
100.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 255.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
#配置成功;
0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
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[root@localhost ~]
# nmtui
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[root@localhost ~]
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
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