Android地图开发中的地理编码与地理反编码

地理编码(Geocoding)与地理反编码(Reverse Geocoding)是地图操作中的常见操作，前者表示通过街道地址请求空间坐标，后者表示通过空间坐标请求街道地址。通俗的说，二者就是街道地址与经纬度的转换。举例来说，前者就是输入查询"上海市杨浦区四平路1239号"得到(31.285207060526762, 121.50546412914991)，而后者则表示这个反过程。

在实际的移动开发过程中，地图相关的操作对于地理编码与地理反编码的使用都是十分普遍。幸运的是，Android的MapView控件中对于这两者都进行了封装，因此可以方便的利用Google Map Service进行二者查询。下面将对开发过程做一个简单介绍。

首先必须进行MapKey的申请，任何地图的显示都需要申请一个MapKey。具体的申请步骤可见

http://code.google.com/intl/zh-CN/android/maps-api-signup.html

然后可以建立一个基于Google APIs的程序，并且在AndroidManifest.xml中加入地图API的支持。

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01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
02.<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
03. package="net.learn2develop.GoogleMaps"
04. android:versionCode="1"
05. android:versionName="1.0.0">
06. <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
07. <uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />
08. <activity android:name=".MapsActivity"
09. android:label="@string/app_name">
10. <intent-filter>
11. <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
12. <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
13. </intent-filter>
14. </activity>
15. </application>
16.
17. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
18.</manifest>
19.</xml>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="net.learn2develop.GoogleMaps"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />
<activity android:name=".MapsActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
</manifest>
</xml>

接着可以在主Layout文件中加入对于地图的显示，这里需要加入刚才申请的MapKey，否则地图将无法正常显示。

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 02.<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 03. android:layout_width="fill_parent" 04. android:layout_height="fill_parent"> 05. 06. <com.google.android.maps.MapView 07. android:id="@+id/mapView" 08. android:layout_width="fill_parent" 09. android:layout_height="fill_parent" 10. android:enabled="true" 11. android:clickable="true" 12. android:apiKey="MapKey" 13. /> 14. 15.</RelativeLayout> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:id="@+id/mapView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:enabled="true"
android:clickable="true"
android:apiKey="MapKey"
/>

</RelativeLayout>

接着在主Activity的JAVA文件进行修改，支持地图显示。

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01.import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity;
02.import com.google.android.maps.MapView;
03.import android.os.Bundle;
04.
05.public class MapsActivity extends MapActivity
06.{
07. /** Called when the activity is first created. */
08. @Override
09. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
10. {
11. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
12. setContentView(R.layout.main);
13. MapView mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapView);
14. mapView.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
15. }
16.}
import com.google.android.maps.MapActivity;
import com.google.android.maps.MapView;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MapsActivity extends MapActivity
{
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
MapView mapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mapView);
mapView.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
}
}

此时运行程序，地图应该就可以正常显示了，见下图。

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/515750/e37337bd-c787-3368-9167-0e1d7be15635.png[/img]


此时我们再向程序中加入地理编码与地理反编码的功能，其参考代码如下。

地理编码:

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01.Geocoder geoCoder = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());
02.try {
03. List<Address> addresses = geoCoder.getFromLocationName(
04. "上海市杨浦区四平路1239号", 5);
05. String add = "";
06. if (addresses.size() > 0) {
07. p = new GeoPoint(
08. (int) (addresses.get(0).getLatitude() * 1E6),
09. (int) (addresses.get(0).getLongitude() * 1E6));
10. mc.animateTo(p);
11. mapView.invalidate();
12. }
13.} catch (IOException e) {
14. e.printStackTrace();
15.}
Geocoder geoCoder = new Geocoder(this, Locale.getDefault());
try {
List<Address> addresses = geoCoder.getFromLocationName(
"上海市杨浦区四平路1239号", 5);
String add = "";
if (addresses.size() > 0) {
p = new GeoPoint(
(int) (addresses.get(0).getLatitude() * 1E6),
(int) (addresses.get(0).getLongitude() * 1E6));
mc.animateTo(p);
mapView.invalidate();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

地理反编码，其中MapOverlay为地图图层上的叠加图层，用于标识的显示以及点击事件的捕捉。


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01.class MapOverlay extends com.google.android.maps.Overlay
02. {
03. @Override
04. public boolean draw(Canvas canvas, MapView mapView,
05. boolean shadow, long when)
06. {
07. //...
08. }
09.
10. @Override
11. public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, MapView mapView)
12. {
13. //---when user lifts his finger---
14. if (event.getAction() == 1) {
15. GeoPoint p = mapView.getProjection().fromPixels(
16. (int) event.getX(),
17. (int) event.getY());
18.
19. Geocoder geoCoder = new Geocoder(
20. getBaseContext(), Locale.getDefault());
21. try {
22. List<Address> addresses = geoCoder.getFromLocation(
23. p.getLatitudeE6() / 1E6,
24. p.getLongitudeE6() / 1E6, 1);
25.
26. String add = "";
27. if (addresses.size() > 0)
28. {
29. for (int i=0; i<addresses.get(0).getMaxAddressLineIndex();
30. i++)
31. add += addresses.get(0).getAddressLine(i) + "\n";
32. }
33.
34. Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), add, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
35. }
36. catch (IOException e) {
37. e.printStackTrace();
38. }
39. return true;
40. }
41. else
42. return false;
43. }
44. }
class MapOverlay extends com.google.android.maps.Overlay
{
@Override
public boolean draw(Canvas canvas, MapView mapView,
boolean shadow, long when)
{
//...
}

@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, MapView mapView)
{
//---when user lifts his finger---
if (event.getAction() == 1) {
GeoPoint p = mapView.getProjection().fromPixels(
(int) event.getX(),
(int) event.getY());

Geocoder geoCoder = new Geocoder(
getBaseContext(), Locale.getDefault());
try {
List<Address> addresses = geoCoder.getFromLocation(
p.getLatitudeE6() / 1E6,
p.getLongitudeE6() / 1E6, 1);

String add = "";
if (addresses.size() > 0)
{
for (int i=0; i<addresses.get(0).getMaxAddressLineIndex();
i++)
add += addresses.get(0).getAddressLine(i) + "\n";
}

Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), add, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
}
最终实现结果如下图所示，地理编码，查询“上海市杨浦区四平路1239号”，结果其实略有偏差。中国的地址与邮编比较混乱，所以结果有些地方无法做到完全准确。

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/515746/d93c6cae-3db6-355e-af8c-b6a14ddae8ee.png[/img]


地理反编码

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/515748/072f632f-6b80-3de8-a1cd-ad0524968108.png[/img]