ES6 let、var、const联系与区别

ES6 let、var、const联系与区别

一、定义的类型：

1.left,var 定义变量，const定义常量，给常量赋值会报错；

/* 在同个作用域中重赋值 */
let a = 1;
a = 4;
console.log(a); // 4
var b = 2;
b = 5;
console.log(b); // 5
const c = 3;
c = 6; // Assignment to constant variable
console.log(c); // 代码执行到c = 6报错，如果没有c = 6 输出 3

/* 在不同作用域中重新赋值*/
let a = 1;
var b = 2;
const c = 3;
function test() {
    a = 4;
    b = 5;
    c = 6;

    console.log(a); // 4
    console.log(b); // 5
    console.log(c); // 6
}
test();

二、作用域：

1.函数作用域：let、var在函数中声明的变量，const定义的常量，在函数外面访问不到；

function test() {
   let a = 1;
   var c = 3;
   const b = 2;
};
test();
console.log(b); // b is not defined
console.log(c); // c is not defined
console.log(a); // a is not defined

2.块级作用域：{}中let在函数中声明的变量，const定义的常量在{}外面无法访问，var定义的变

量可以，

{
   let a = 1;
   var c = 3;
   const b = 2;
}
console.log(c); // 3
console.log(b); // a is not defined
console.log(a); // a is not defined

三、变量、常量的提升：

1.let和const不存在变量提升，var反之,以下输出a和c会报错

console.log(a); // a is not defined
console.log(c); // c is not defined
console.log(b); // undefined

let a = 1;
var b = 2;
const c = 3;

四、变量、常量的重定义：

1.使用let、const定义的变量重新被let、var、const重定义会报错，var定义的变量只能被var重

定义；

A.在同个作用域中重定义

let a = 1;
var b = 2;
const c = 3;

var b = 5;
let a = 4; // Identifier 'a' has already been declared
const c = 6; // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
var a = 7; // Identifier 'a' has already been declared
var c = 8; // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
let b = 9; // Identifier 'b' has already been declared
const b = 10; // Identifier 'b' has already been declared
let c = 11; // Identifier 'c' has already been declared
const a = 12; // Identifier 'a' has already been declared

B.重定义发生在两个不同的作用域中：var、let、const都可重新定义

let a = 1;
var b = 2;
const c = 3;

function test() {
    var b = 5;
    let a = 4; 
    const c = 6; 

    console.log(a); // 4
    console.log(b); // 5
    console.log(c); // 6
}
test();

三、总结：

1.let，var能定义局部变量，const能定义局部常量无法重新赋值；

2.var没有块级作用域会，let、const定义的量有块级作用域，

3.var定义的变量只能够被var重新定义，let、const定义的量在同个作用域中不能被重定义，在不

同作用域中可以被重定义