一、实验说明:
实现nginx反代tomcat
二、实验准备:
nginx及tomcat同一台主机,本次使用Centos7,IP地址为192.168.2.137
三、安装tomcat
tomcat是基于java开发的程序,需要运行在jvm中,java是跨平台的语言,java的运行基于各种类库,java早先用于B/S架构上的是applet,在客户端运行,后期发展为servlet,在servlet端运行,但是servlet是硬编码进html中的,因此程序员在开发servlet程序时,又必须将其与html语言结合开发,在php类的嵌入式编程语言出现之后,servlet也研发了一种全新的嵌入语言jsp,而tomcat即时jsp的一个容器。
1、安装tomcat首先要安装jdk组件
下载地址为:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
jdk-8u171-linux-x64 .rpm
# rpm -ivh jdk-8u171-linux-x64 .rpm
vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jaba/default
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
wq
# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/java.sh
# ./etc/profile.d/java.sh
测试是否安装成功
# java -version
java version "1.8.0_171"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)
安装成功
2、安装tomcat
unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.8.zip -d /usr/local
创建软链接:ln -sv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8 /usr/local/tomcat
#vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
chmod +x /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
./etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
chmod +x /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*
Tomcat测试:
[root@bogon /]# catalina.sh version
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/default
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.8
Server built: Apr 27 2018 19:32:00 UTC
Server number: 9.0.8.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_171-b11
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
关掉防火墙,Centos关掉防火墙的命令与Centos6的命令不一样
#systemctl stop firewalld
网页访问一下
Tomcat部署成功
四、nginx安装
1、添加nginx组和nginx用户
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz
2、编译安装nginx:
cd /nginx-1.13.12
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
# make && make install
3、为nginx提供SysV init脚本
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx,内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=[]∗[]∗.*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
为该脚本提供运行权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
五、配置nginx反向代理tomcat
1、修改nginx配置文件
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
增加如下配置:
location / {
#root html;
index index.jsp index.html;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
2、访问测试
六、通过nginx访问tomcat部署的应用
1、部署tomcat应用
(1)将写好的程序放入tomcat_home下的webapps目录中
(2)修改tomcat_home/conf/server.xml配置文件,在host容器中添加<context>组件
(3)在tomcat_home/conf/Catalina/localhost目录下创建.xml结尾的单独配置文件,配置文件中添加<context>组件
部署演示:
配置tomcat应用程序
mkdir -pv /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/WEB-INF/{class,lib}
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">Tomcatapp.test.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("tomcatapp","by_ywq"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
配置配置文件
cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost
vim test.xml
<Context path="/test" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test"
debug="0" privileged="true" reloadable="true">
</Context>
注:path:是访问时的根地址,表示访问的路径;
reloadable:表示可以在运行时在classes与lib文件夹下自动加载类包。其中reloadable=“flase”表示当应用程序中的内容发生更改之后服务器不会自动加载,这个属性在开发阶段通常设置为true,方便开发。在发布阶段通常设置为false,提供应用程序的访问速度。
docBase:表示应用程序的路径
2、访问测试