Android UI之最优ListView写法

1、ListView的一个经典实现动态增加、删除行的例子实现。

2、Listview优化策略?

1）convetView进行判空，为空时加载布局，不为空时直接重新使用 convertView，减少了布局的加载。（效率提高200%）　
2）定义ViewHolder，传入ViewHolder对象给convetView设置tag，用于缓存控件。（效率再提高50%）
3）当ListView加载数据量较大时可采用分页加载和图片异步加载方法。

3、代码示例

0.data.java

package com.guan.http.model;

public class Data {

	private int id;
	private ImageView image;
	private int num;

	public Data() {
		super();
	}

	public Student(int id, ImageView image, int num) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.image = image;
		this.num = num;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getImage() {
		return image;
	}

	public void setName(String image) {
		this.image = image;
	}

	public int getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(int num) {
		this.num = num;
	}

}

①activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_add"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="增加" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_remove"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="减少" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_show"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"></ListView>
</LinearLayout>

②adater_line.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_marginLeft="42dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:text="TextView" />

</RelativeLayout>

③ShowAdapter

package com.example.guan.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.guan.listview.R;

import java.util.List;

import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.InjectView;

/**
 * @author Guan
 * @file com.example.guan.adapter
 * @date 2015/8/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ShowAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    private Context mContext;
    private List mList;

    public ShowAdapter(Context context, List list) {
        this.mContext = context;
        this.mList = list;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
		   if (mList != null && mList.size() > 0) {
                return mList.size();
            } else {
                return 0;
            }
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
            if (mList != null && mList.size() > 0) {
                return mList.get(position);
            } else {
                return null;
            }
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        // 2、使用了ViewHolder作为子布局的缓存，使用View的setTag方法将缓存与每个item绑定，
        // 则也可以省去了findViewById的事件
        ViewHolder holder;

        if (convertView != null) {
            // 3、获取ViewHolder
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        } else {
            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.adater_line, null);
            holder = new ViewHolder(convertView);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        }

        // 获取数据对象
		Data data = (Data) getItem(position);
        // 4、绑定数据到holder. 
        holder.textView.setText(data.getNum() + "");        
        //holder.textView.setText(mList.get(position).toString());
        
        return convertView;
    }


    /**
     * 1、将ViewHolder设置为static的目的是指在初始化Adapter时初始化一次这个内部类，
     * 否则将会在每次创建Adapter时都要初始化一次，而这是没有必要的。
     */
    static class ViewHolder {
        @InjectView(R.id.imageView)
        ImageView imageView;
        @InjectView(R.id.textView)
        TextView textView;

        ViewHolder(View view) {
            ButterKnife.inject(this, view);
        }
    }
}

④MainActivity

package com.example.guan.listview;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.guan.adapter.ShowAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.InjectView;
import butterknife.OnClick;

/**
 * @author Guan
 * @file com.example.guan.listviews
 * @date 2015/8/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @InjectView(R.id.btn_add)
    Button btnAdd;
    @InjectView(R.id.btn_remove)
    Button btnRemove;
    @InjectView(R.id.lv_show)
    ListView lvShow;

    private List list;
    private ShowAdapter showAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.inject(this);

        // 初始化
        Init();
    }

    /**
     * 初始化
     */
    private void Init() {
        list = new ArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            list.add("123");
        }
        showAdapter = new ShowAdapter(this, list);
        lvShow.setAdapter(showAdapter);
    }

    /**
     * 监听实现
     * @param view
     */
    @OnClick({R.id.btn_add, R.id.btn_remove})
    public void pickDoor(View view) {
        if (view == btnAdd) {
            list.add("123");
            showAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        } else {
            list.remove(0);
            showAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }
}

⑤图片资源

4、效果图

5、知识补充

1）adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
①实现对listView列表的刷新；
②新建一个集合时，adapter调用此方法时强制传到getView执行。

2）布局
android：divider 边框线条 = “#FFFFFF”/ “@drawable/list”
android：dividerHeight 边框线条

3）去除分割线
①设置android:divider="@null"
②android:divider="#00000000" #00000000后面两个零表示透明
③.setDividerHeight(0) 高度设为0

4）去除滚动棒
android:scrollbars=“none”