并发编程 线程池以及@Async注解的使用

建议先看我另外一篇文章：并发编程使用了 线程池 ThreadPoolExecutor 程序性能有了质的突破

开发环境

• SpringBoot 2.1.10.RELEASE
• JDK 1.8

1：启动类添加@EnableAsync注解

package com.nobody;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}

2：线程池配置

package com.nobody.config;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

@Configuration
public class ExecutorConfig {

    public static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5;

    public static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 10;

    public static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY = 100;

    @Bean("myExecutor")
    public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 核心线程数大小
        executor.setCorePoolSize(CORE_POOL_SIZE);
        // 最大线程数大小
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(MAX_POOL_SIZE);
        // 阻塞队列容量
        executor.setQueueCapacity(QUEUE_CAPACITY);
        // 线程名前缀
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("myTask-");
        // rejectionPolicy：当queue达到maxSize并且此时maxPoolSize也达到最大值的时候，对于新任务的处理策略
        // CallerRunsPolicy：不在新线程中执行任务，而是交由调用者所在的线程来执行
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

3：编写异步方法

package com.nobody.domain;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class AsyncService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncService.class);

    // 简单版本
    @Async
    public void asyncTaskA() {
        LOGGER.info("asyncTaskA 异步方法执行.");
    }

    // 入参类型，此处将调用者(线程)的MDC信息传入，主要是保持日志输出时，两个线程有同样的traceId
    @Async
    public void asyncTaslB(Map<String, String> contextMap) {
        MDC.setContextMap(contextMap);
        LOGGER.info("asyncTaskB 异步方法执行.");
    }

    // 线程执行后计数器减1
    @Async
    public void asyncTaskC(CountDownLatch cdl) {
        LOGGER.info("asyncTaskC 异步方法执行.");
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        cdl.countDown();
    }

    // 有返回参数类型
    @Async
    public Future<String> asyncTaskD(String message) {
        LOGGER.info("asyncTaskD 异步方法执行.");
        return new AsyncResult<String>("@" + message);
    }

}

4：异步调用

package com.nobody.controller;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.nobody.domain.AsyncService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo")
public class DemoController {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoController.class);

    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping("test")
    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        asyncService.asyncTaskA();

        LOGGER.info("主线程执行...");

    }

}

输出结果：

package com.nobody.controller;

import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.nobody.domain.AsyncService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo")
public class DemoController {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoController.class);

    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping("test")
    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        MDC.put("traceId", UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceFirst("-", ""));
        asyncService.asyncTaskB(MDC.getCopyOfContextMap());

        LOGGER.info("主线程执行...");

    }

}

输出结果：

package com.nobody.controller;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.nobody.domain.AsyncService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo")
public class DemoController {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoController.class);

    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping("test")
    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(2);
        asyncService.asyncTaskC(cdl);
        asyncService.asyncTaskC(cdl);
        try {
            // 等等两个线程执行后，再继续下面的执行，如果超过5s则不等待
            cdl.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        LOGGER.info("主线程执行...");

    }

}

输出结果：

package com.nobody.controller;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.nobody.domain.AsyncService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("demo")
public class DemoController {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoController.class);

    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping("test")
    public void test() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

        Future<String> future = asyncService.asyncTaskD("Mr.nobody");
        LOGGER.info("future result:" + future.get());

        LOGGER.info("主线程执行...");

    }

}