【图像处理】EXIF Tags

EXIF Tags

EXIF stands for "Exchangeable Image File Format". This type of information is formatted according to the TIFF specification, and may be found in JPG, TIFF, PNG, JP2, PGF, MIFF, HDP, PSP and XCF images, as well as many TIFF-based RAW images, and even some AVI and MOV videos.

The EXIF meta information is organized into different Image File Directories (IFD's) within an image. The names of these IFD's correspond to the ExifTool family 1 group names. When writing EXIF information, the default Group listed below is used unless another group is specified.

The table below lists all EXIF tags. Also listed are TIFF, DNG, HDP and other tags which are not part of the EXIF specification, but may co-exist with EXIF tags in some images. Tags which are part of the EXIF 2.31 specification have an underlined Tag Name in the HTML version of this documentation. See http://www.cipa.jp/std/documents/e/DC-008-Translation-2016-E.pdf for the official EXIF 2.31 specification.

Tag IDTag NameWritableGroupValues / Notes
0x0001InteropIndexstring!InteropIFD'R03' = R03 - DCF option file (Adobe RGB) 
'R98' = R98 - DCF basic file (sRGB) 
'THM' = THM - DCF thumbnail file
0x0002InteropVersion undef!:InteropIFD 
0x000bProcessingSoftwarestringIFD0(used by ACD Systems Digital Imaging)
0x00feSubfileTypeint32u!IFD00x0 = Full-resolution Image 
0x1 = Reduced-resolution image 
0x2 = Single page of multi-page image 
0x3 = Single page of multi-page reduced-resolution image 
0x4 = Transparency mask 
0x5 = Transparency mask of reduced-resolution image 
0x6 = Transparency mask of multi-page image 
0x7 = Transparency mask of reduced-resolution multi-page image 
0x10001 = Alternate reduced-resolution image 
0xffffffff = invalid 
Bit 0 = Reduced resolution 
Bit 1 = Single page 
Bit 2 = Transparency mask 
Bit 3 = TIFF/IT final page 
Bit 4 = TIFF-FX mixed raster content
0x00ffOldSubfileTypeint16u!IFD01 = Full-resolution image 
2 = Reduced-resolution image 
3 = Single page of multi-page image
0x0100ImageWidthint32u!IFD0 
0x0101ImageHeightint32u!IFD0(called ImageLength by the EXIF spec.)
0x0102BitsPerSampleint16u[n]!IFD0 
0x0103Compression int16u!:IFD0--> EXIF Compression Values
0x0106PhotometricInterpretationint16u!IFD0
0 = WhiteIsZero 
1 = BlackIsZero 
2 = RGB 
3 = RGB Palette 
4 = Transparency Mask 
5 = CMYK 
6 = YCbCr 
8 = CIELab 
9 = ICCLab 
10 = ITULab 
32803 = Color Filter Array 
32844 = Pixar LogL 
32845 = Pixar LogLuv 
34892 = Linear Raw
0x0107Thresholdingint16u!IFD01 = No dithering or halftoning 
2 = Ordered dither or halftone 
3 = Randomized dither
0x0108CellWidthint16u!IFD0 
0x0109CellLengthint16u!IFD0 
0x010aFillOrderint16u!IFD01 = Normal 
2 = Reversed
0x010dDocumentNamestringIFD0 
0x010eImageDescriptionstringIFD0 
0x010fMakestringIFD0 
0x0110ModelstringIFD0 
0x0111StripOffsets 
PreviewImageStart 
PreviewImageStart 
JpgFromRawStart
no
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
-
IFD0
All
SubIFD2
(called StripOffsets in most locations, but it is PreviewImageStart in IFD0 of CR2 images and various IFD's of DNG images except for SubIFD2 where it is JpgFromRawStart)
0x0112Orientationint16uIFD0
1 = Horizontal (normal) 
2 = Mirror horizontal 
3 = Rotate 180 
4 = Mirror vertical 
5 = Mirror horizontal and rotate 270 CW 
6 = Rotate 90 CW 
7 = Mirror horizontal and rotate 90 CW 
8 = Rotate 270 CW
0x0115SamplesPerPixelint16u!IFD0 
0x0116RowsPerStripint32u!IFD0 
0x0117StripByteCounts 
PreviewImageLength 
PreviewImageLength 
JpgFromRawLength
no
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
-
IFD0
All
SubIFD2
(called StripByteCounts in most locations, but it is PreviewImageLength in IFD0 of CR2 images and various IFD's of DNG images except for SubIFD2 where it is JpgFromRawLength)
0x0118MinSampleValueint16uIFD0 
0x0119MaxSampleValueint16uIFD0 
0x011aXResolutionrational64u:IFD0 
0x011bYResolutionrational64u:IFD0 
0x011cPlanarConfigurationint16u!IFD01 = Chunky 
2 = Planar
0x011dPageNamestringIFD0 
0x011eXPositionrational64uIFD0 
0x011fYPositionrational64uIFD0 
0x0120FreeOffsetsno- 
0x0121FreeByteCountsno- 
0x0122GrayResponseUnitint16uIFD01 = 0.1 
2 = 0.001 
3 = 0.0001 
4 = 1e-05 
5 = 1e-06
0x0123GrayResponseCurveno- 
0x0124T4Optionsno-Bit 0 = 2-Dimensional encoding 
Bit 1 = Uncompressed 
Bit 2 = Fill bits added
0x0125T6Optionsno-Bit 1 = Uncompressed
0x0128ResolutionUnitint16u:IFD0(the value 1 is not standard EXIF) 
1 = None 
2 = inches 
3 = cm
0x0129PageNumberint16u[2]IFD0 
0x012cColorResponseUnitno- 
0x012dTransferFunctionint16u[768]!IFD0 
0x0131SoftwarestringIFD0 
0x0132ModifyDatestringIFD0(called DateTime by the EXIF spec.)
0x013bArtiststringIFD0(becomes a list-type tag when the MWG module is loaded)
0x013cHostComputerstringIFD0 
0x013dPredictorint16u!IFD01 = None 
2 = Horizontal differencing
0x013eWhitePointrational64u[2]IFD0 
0x013fPrimaryChromaticitiesrational64u[6]IFD0 
0x0140ColorMapno- 
0x0141HalftoneHintsint16u[2]IFD0 
0x0142TileWidthint32u!IFD0 
0x0143TileLengthint32u!IFD0 
0x0144TileOffsetsno- 
0x0145TileByteCountsno- 
0x0146BadFaxLinesno- 
0x0147CleanFaxDatano-0 = Clean 
1 = Regenerated 
2 = Unclean
0x0148ConsecutiveBadFaxLinesno- 
0x014aSubIFD 
A100DataOffset
-
no
-
-
--> EXIF Tags 
(the data offset in original Sony DSLR-A100 ARW images)
0x014cInkSetint16uIFD01 = CMYK 
2 = Not CMYK
0x014dInkNamesno- 
0x014eNumberofInksno- 
0x0150DotRangeno- 
0x0151TargetPrinterstringIFD0 
0x0152ExtraSamplesno-0 = Unspecified 
1 = Associated Alpha 
2 = Unassociated Alpha
0x0153SampleFormatno-(SamplesPerPixel values) 
[Values 0-3]
1 = Unsigned 
2 = Signed 
3 = Float
 4 = Undefined 
5 = Complex int 
6 = Complex float
0x0154SMinSampleValueno- 
0x0155SMaxSampleValueno- 
0x0156TransferRangeno- 
0x0157ClipPathno- 
0x0158XClipPathUnitsno- 
0x0159YClipPathUnitsno- 
0x015aIndexedno-0 = Not indexed 
1 = Indexed
0x015bJPEGTablesno- 
0x015fOPIProxyno-0 = Higher resolution image does not exist 
1 = Higher resolution image exists
0x0190GlobalParametersIFD----> EXIF Tags
0x0191ProfileTypeno-0 = Unspecified 
1 = Group 3 FAX
0x0192FaxProfileno-
0 = Unknown 
1 = Minimal B&W lossless, S 
2 = Extended B&W lossless, F 
3 = Lossless JBIG B&W, J 
4 = Lossy color and grayscale, C 
5 = Lossless color and grayscale, L 
6 = Mixed raster content, M 
7 = Profile T 
255 = Multi Profiles
0x0193CodingMethodsno-
Bit 0 = Unspecified compression 
Bit 1 = Modified Huffman 
Bit 2 = Modified Read 
Bit 3 = Modified MR 
Bit 4 = JBIG 
Bit 5 = Baseline JPEG 
Bit 6 = JBIG color
0x0194VersionYearno- 
0x0195ModeNumberno- 
0x01b1Decodeno- 
0x01b2DefaultImageColorno- 
0x01b3T82Optionsno- 
0x01b5JPEGTablesno- 
0x0200JPEGProcno-1 = Baseline 
14 = Lossless
0x0201ThumbnailOffset 
ThumbnailOffset 
ThumbnailOffset 
PreviewImageStart 
PreviewImageStart 
JpgFromRawStart 
JpgFromRawStart 
OtherImageStart 
OtherImageStart 
OtherImageStart
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
no
IFD1
IFD0
SubIFD
MakerNotes
IFD0
SubIFD
IFD2
SubIFD1
SubIFD2
-
(ThumbnailOffset in IFD1 of JPEG and some TIFF-based images, IFD0 of MRW images and AVI and MOV videos, and the SubIFD in IFD1 of SRW images; PreviewImageStart in MakerNotes and IFD0 of ARW and SR2 images; JpgFromRawStart in SubIFD of NEF images and IFD2 of PEF images; and OtherImageStart in everything else)
0x0202ThumbnailLength 
ThumbnailLength 
ThumbnailLength 
PreviewImageLength 
PreviewImageLength 
JpgFromRawLength 
JpgFromRawLength 
OtherImageLength 
OtherImageLength 
OtherImageLength
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
int32u*
no
IFD1
IFD0
SubIFD
MakerNotes
IFD0
SubIFD
IFD2
SubIFD1
SubIFD2
-
(ThumbnailLength in IFD1 of JPEG and some TIFF-based images, IFD0 of MRW images and AVI and MOV videos, and the SubIFD in IFD1 of SRW images; PreviewImageLength in MakerNotes and IFD0 of ARW and SR2 images; JpgFromRawLength in SubIFD of NEF images, and IFD2 of PEF images; and OtherImageLength in everything else)
0x0203JPEGRestartIntervalno- 
0x0205JPEGLosslessPredictorsno- 
0x0206JPEGPointTransformsno- 
0x0207JPEGQTablesno- 
0x0208JPEGDCTablesno- 
0x0209JPEGACTablesno- 
0x0211YCbCrCoefficientsrational64u[3]!IFD0 
0x0212YCbCrSubSamplingint16u[2]!IFD0
'1 1' = YCbCr4:4:4 (1 1) 
'1 2' = YCbCr4:4:0 (1 2) 
'1 4' = YCbCr4:4:1 (1 4) 
'2 1' = YCbCr4:2:2 (2 1)
 '2 2' = YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2) 
'2 4' = YCbCr4:2:1 (2 4) 
'4 1' = YCbCr4:1:1 (4 1) 
'4 2' = YCbCr4:1:0 (4 2)
0x0213YCbCrPositioning int16u!:IFD01 = Centered 
2 = Co-sited
0x0214ReferenceBlackWhiterational64u[6]IFD0 
0x022fStripRowCountsno- 
0x02bcApplicationNotesint8u!ExifIFD--> XMP Tags
0x03e7USPTOMiscellaneousno- 
0x1000RelatedImageFileFormatstring!InteropIFD 
0x1001RelatedImageWidthint16u!InteropIFD 
0x1002RelatedImageHeightint16u!InteropIFD(called RelatedImageLength by the DCF spec.)
0x4746Ratingint16u/IFD0 
0x4747XP_DIP_XMLno- 
0x4748StitchInfo----> Microsoft Stitch Tags
0x4749RatingPercentint16u/IFD0 
0x7000SonyRawFileTypeno-0 = Sony Uncompressed 14-bit RAW 
1 = Sony Uncompressed 12-bit RAW 
2 = Sony Compressed RAW 
3 = Sony Lossless Compressed RAW
0x7032LightFalloffParamsint16s[17]!SubIFD(found in Sony ARW images)
0x7035ChromaticAberrationCorrParamsint16s[33]!SubIFD(found in Sony ARW images)
0x7037DistortionCorrParamsint16s[17]!SubIFD(found in Sony ARW images)
0x800dImageIDno- 
0x80a3WangTag1no- 
0x80a4WangAnnotationno- 
0x80a5WangTag3no- 
0x80a6WangTag4no- 
0x80b9ImageReferencePointsno- 
0x80baRegionXformTackPointno- 
0x80bbWarpQuadrilateralno- 
0x80bcAffineTransformMatno- 
0x80e3Matteingno- 
0x80e4DataTypeno- 
0x80e5ImageDepthno- 
0x80e6TileDepthno- 
0x8214ImageFullWidthno- 
0x8215ImageFullHeightno- 
0x8216TextureFormatno- 
0x8217WrapModesno- 
0x8218FovCotno- 
0x8219MatrixWorldToScreenno- 
0x821aMatrixWorldToCamerano- 
0x827dModel2no- 
0x828dCFARepeatPatternDimint16u[2]!SubIFD 
0x828eCFAPattern2int8u[n]!SubIFD 
0x828fBatteryLevelno- 
0x8290KodakIFD----> Kodak IFD Tags 
(used in various types of Kodak images)
0x8298CopyrightstringIFD0(may contain copyright notices for photographer and editor, separated by a newline. As per the EXIF specification, the newline is replaced by a null byte when writing to file, but this may be avoided by disabling the print conversion)
0x829aExposureTimerational64uExifIFD 
0x829dFNumberrational64uExifIFD 
0x82a5MDFileTagno-(tags 0x82a5-0x82ac are used in Molecular Dynamics GEL files)
0x82a6MDScalePixelno- 
0x82a7MDColorTableno- 
0x82a8MDLabNameno- 
0x82a9MDSampleInfono- 
0x82aaMDPrepDateno- 
0x82abMDPrepTimeno- 
0x82acMDFileUnitsno- 
0x830ePixelScaleno- 
0x8335AdventScaleno- 
0x8336AdventRevisionno- 
0x835cUIC1Tagno- 
0x835dUIC2Tagno- 
0x835eUIC3Tagno- 
0x835fUIC4Tagno- 
0x83bbIPTC-NAAint32u!IFD0--> IPTC Tags
0x847eIntergraphPacketDatano- 
0x847fIntergraphFlagRegistersno- 
0x8480IntergraphMatrixno- 
0x8481INGRReservedno- 
0x8482ModelTiePointno- 
0x84e0Siteno- 
0x84e1ColorSequenceno- 
0x84e2IT8Headerno- 
0x84e3RasterPaddingno-0 = Byte 
1 = Word 
2 = Long Word 
9 = Sector 
10 = Long Sector
0x84e4BitsPerRunLengthno- 
0x84e5BitsPerExtendedRunLengthno- 
0x84e6ColorTableno- 
0x84e7ImageColorIndicatorno-0 = Unspecified Image Color 
1 = Specified Image Color
0x84e8BackgroundColorIndicatorno-0 = Unspecified Background Color 
1 = Specified Background Color
0x84e9ImageColorValueno- 
0x84eaBackgroundColorValueno- 
0x84ebPixelIntensityRangeno- 
0x84ecTransparencyIndicatorno- 
0x84edColorCharacterizationno- 
0x84eeHCUsageno-0 = CT 
1 = Line Art 
2 = Trap
0x84efTrapIndicatorno- 
0x84f0CMYKEquivalentno- 
0x8546SEMInfostringIFD0(found in some scanning electron microscope images)
0x8568AFCP_IPTC----> IPTC Tags
0x85b8PixelMagicJBIGOptionsno- 
0x85d7JPLCartoIFDno- 
0x85d8ModelTransformno- 
0x8602WB_GRGBLevelsno-(found in IFD0 of Leaf MOS images)
0x8606LeafData----> Leaf Tags
0x8649PhotoshopSettings----> Photoshop Tags
0x8769ExifOffset----> EXIF Tags
0x8773ICC_Profile----> ICC_Profile Tags
0x877fTIFF_FXExtensionsno-Bit 0 = Resolution/Image Width 
Bit 1 = N Layer Profile M 
Bit 2 = Shared Data 
Bit 3 = B&W JBIG2 
Bit 4 = JBIG2 Profile M
0x8780MultiProfilesno-
Bit 0 = Profile S 
Bit 1 = Profile F 
Bit 2 = Profile J 
Bit 3 = Profile C 
Bit 4 = Profile L 
Bit 5 = Profile M 
Bit 6 = Profile T 
Bit 7 = Resolution/Image Width 
Bit 8 = N Layer Profile M 
Bit 9 = Shared Data 
Bit 10 = JBIG2 Profile M
0x8781SharedDatano- 
0x8782T88Optionsno- 
0x87acImageLayerno- 
0x87afGeoTiffDirectoryundefIFD0(these "GeoTiff" tags may read and written as a block, but they aren't extracted unless specifically requested. Byte order changes are handled automatically when copying between TIFF images with different byte order)
0x87b0GeoTiffDoubleParamsundefIFD0 
0x87b1GeoTiffAsciiParamsstringIFD0 
0x87beJBIGOptionsno- 
0x8822ExposureProgramint16uExifIFD(the value of 9 is not standard EXIF, but is used by the Canon EOS 7D)
0 = Not Defined 
1 = Manual 
2 = Program AE 
3 = Aperture-priority AE 
4 = Shutter speed priority AE 
5 = Creative (Slow speed) 
6 = Action (High speed) 
7 = Portrait 
8 = Landscape 
9 = Bulb
0x8824SpectralSensitivitystringExifIFD 
0x8825GPSInfo----> GPS Tags
0x8827ISOint16u[n]ExifIFD(called ISOSpeedRatings by EXIF 2.2, then PhotographicSensitivity by the EXIF 2.3 spec.)
0x8828Opto-ElectricConvFactorno-(called OECF by the EXIF spec.)
0x8829Interlaceno- 
0x882aTimeZoneOffsetint16s[n]ExifIFD(1 or 2 values: 1. The time zone offset of DateTimeOriginal from GMT in hours, 2. If present, the time zone offset of ModifyDate)
0x882bSelfTimerModeint16uExifIFD 
0x8830SensitivityTypeint16uExifIFD(applies to EXIF:ISO tag) 
0 = Unknown 
1 = Standard Output Sensitivity 
2 = Recommended Exposure Index 
3 = ISO Speed 
4 = Standard Output Sensitivity and Recommended Exposure Index 
5 = Standard Output Sensitivity and ISO Speed 
6 = Recommended Exposure Index and ISO Speed 
7 = Standard Output Sensitivity, Recommended Exposure Index and ISO Speed
0x8831StandardOutputSensitivityint32uExifIFD 
0x8832RecommendedExposureIndexint32uExifIFD 
0x8833ISOSpeedint32uExifIFD 
0x8834ISOSpeedLatitudeyyyint32uExifIFD 
0x8835ISOSpeedLatitudezzzint32uExifIFD 
0x885cFaxRecvParamsno- 
0x885dFaxSubAddressno- 
0x885eFaxRecvTimeno- 
0x8871FedexEDRno- 
0x888aLeafSubIFD----> Leaf SubIFD Tags
0x9000ExifVersionundef:ExifIFD 
0x9003DateTimeOriginalstringExifIFD(date/time when original image was taken)
0x9004CreateDatestringExifIFD(called DateTimeDigitized by the EXIF spec.)
0x9009GooglePlusUploadCodeundef[n]ExifIFD 
0x9010OffsetTimestringExifIFD(time zone for ModifyDate)
0x9011OffsetTimeOriginalstringExifIFD(time zone for DateTimeOriginal)
0x9012OffsetTimeDigitizedstringExifIFD(time zone for CreateDate)
0x9101ComponentsConfiguration undef[4]!:ExifIFD
0 = - 
1 = Y 
2 = Cb 
3 = Cr
 4 = R 
5 = G 
6 = B
0x9102CompressedBitsPerPixelrational64u!ExifIFD 
0x9201ShutterSpeedValuerational64sExifIFD(displayed in seconds, but stored as an APEX value)
0x9202ApertureValuerational64uExifIFD(displayed as an F number, but stored as an APEX value)
0x9203BrightnessValuerational64sExifIFD 
0x9204ExposureCompensationrational64sExifIFD(called ExposureBiasValue by the EXIF spec.)
0x9205MaxApertureValuerational64uExifIFD(displayed as an F number, but stored as an APEX value)
0x9206SubjectDistancerational64uExifIFD 
0x9207MeteringModeint16uExifIFD
0 = Unknown 
1 = Average 
2 = Center-weighted average 
3 = Spot 
4 = Multi-spot 
5 = Multi-segment 
6 = Partial 
255 = Other
0x9208LightSourceint16uExifIFD--> EXIF LightSource Values
0x9209Flashint16uExifIFD--> EXIF Flash Values
0x920aFocalLengthrational64uExifIFD 
0x920bFlashEnergyno- 
0x920cSpatialFrequencyResponseno- 
0x920dNoiseno- 
0x920eFocalPlaneXResolutionno- 
0x920fFocalPlaneYResolutionno- 
0x9210FocalPlaneResolutionUnitno-1 = None 
2 = inches 
3 = cm 
4 = mm 
5 = um
0x9211ImageNumberint32uExifIFD 
0x9212SecurityClassificationstringExifIFD'C' = Confidential 
'R' = Restricted 
'S' = Secret 
'T' = Top Secret 
'U' = Unclassified
0x9213ImageHistorystringExifIFD 
0x9214SubjectAreaint16u[n]ExifIFD 
0x9215ExposureIndexno- 
0x9216TIFF-EPStandardIDno- 
0x9217SensingMethodno-(values 1 and 6 are not standard EXIF)
1 = Monochrome area 
2 = One-chip color area 
3 = Two-chip color area 
4 = Three-chip color area 
5 = Color sequential area 
6 = Monochrome linear 
7 = Trilinear 
8 = Color sequential linear
0x923aCIP3DataFileno- 
0x923bCIP3Sheetno- 
0x923cCIP3Sideno- 
0x923fStoNitsno- 
0x927cMakerNoteApple 
MakerNoteNikon 
MakerNoteCanon 
MakerNoteCasio 
MakerNoteCasio2 
MakerNoteDJI 
MakerNoteFLIR 
MakerNoteFujiFilm 
MakerNoteGE 
MakerNoteGE2 
MakerNoteHasselblad 
MakerNoteHP 
MakerNoteHP2 
MakerNoteHP4 
MakerNoteHP6 
MakerNoteISL 
MakerNoteJVC 
MakerNoteJVCText 
MakerNoteKodak1a 
MakerNoteKodak1b 
MakerNoteKodak2 
MakerNoteKodak3 
MakerNoteKodak4 
MakerNoteKodak5 
MakerNoteKodak6a 
MakerNoteKodak6b 
MakerNoteKodak7 
MakerNoteKodak8a 
MakerNoteKodak8b 
MakerNoteKodak8c 
MakerNoteKodak9 
MakerNoteKodak10 
MakerNoteKodak11 
MakerNoteKodakUnknown 
MakerNoteKyocera 
MakerNoteMinolta 
MakerNoteMinolta2 
MakerNoteMinolta3 
MakerNoteMotorola 
MakerNoteNikon2 
MakerNoteNikon3 
MakerNoteNintendo 
MakerNoteOlympus 
MakerNoteOlympus2 
MakerNoteLeica 
MakerNoteLeica2 
MakerNoteLeica3 
MakerNoteLeica4 
MakerNoteLeica5 
MakerNoteLeica6 
MakerNoteLeica7 
MakerNoteLeica8 
MakerNoteLeica9 
MakerNotePanasonic 
MakerNotePanasonic2 
MakerNotePentax 
MakerNotePentax2 
MakerNotePentax3 
MakerNotePentax4 
MakerNotePentax5 
MakerNotePentax6 
MakerNotePhaseOne 
MakerNoteReconyx 
MakerNoteRicoh 
MakerNoteRicoh2 
MakerNoteRicohText 
MakerNoteSamsung1a 
MakerNoteSamsung1b 
MakerNoteSamsung2 
MakerNoteSanyo 
MakerNoteSanyoC4 
MakerNoteSanyoPatch 
MakerNoteSigma 
MakerNoteSony 
MakerNoteSony2 
MakerNoteSony3 
MakerNoteSony4 
MakerNoteSony5 
MakerNoteSonyEricsson 
MakerNoteSonySRF 
MakerNoteUnknownText 
MakerNoteUnknownBinary 
MakerNoteUnknown
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ExifIFD
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--> Apple Tags 
--> Nikon Tags 
--> Canon Tags 
--> Casio Tags 
--> Casio Type2 Tags 
--> DJI Tags 
--> FLIR Tags 
--> FujiFilm Tags 
--> GE Tags 
--> FujiFilm Tags 
--> Unknown Tags 
--> HP Tags 
--> HP Type2 Tags 
--> HP Type4 Tags 
--> HP Type6 Tags 
--> Unknown Tags 
--> JVC Tags 
--> JVC Text Tags 
--> Kodak Tags 
--> Kodak Tags 
--> Kodak Type2 Tags 
--> Kodak Type3 Tags 
--> Kodak Type4 Tags 
--> Kodak Type5 Tags 
--> Kodak Type6 Tags 
--> Kodak Type6 Tags 
--> Kodak Type7 Tags 
--> Kodak Type8 Tags 
--> Kodak Type8 Tags 
--> Kodak Type8 Tags 
--> Kodak Type9 Tags 
--> Kodak Type10 Tags 
--> Kodak Type11 Tags 
--> Kodak Unknown Tags 
--> Unknown Tags 
--> Minolta Tags 
--> Olympus Tags 
(not EXIF-based) 
--> Motorola Tags 
--> Nikon Type2 Tags 
--> Nikon Tags 
--> Nintendo Tags 
--> Olympus Tags 
--> Olympus Tags 
--> Panasonic Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica2 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica3 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica4 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica5 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica6 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica6 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica5 Tags 
--> Panasonic Leica9 Tags 
--> Panasonic Tags 
--> Panasonic Type2 Tags 
--> Pentax Tags 
--> Pentax Type2 Tags 
--> Casio Type2 Tags 
--> Pentax Type4 Tags 
--> Pentax Tags 
--> Pentax S1 Tags 
--> PhaseOne Tags 
--> Reconyx Tags 
--> Ricoh Tags 
--> Ricoh Type2 Tags 
--> Ricoh Text Tags 
(Samsung "STMN" maker notes without PreviewImage) 
--> Samsung Tags 
--> Samsung Type2 Tags 
--> Sanyo Tags 
--> Sanyo Tags 
--> Sanyo Tags 
--> Sigma Tags 
--> Sony Tags 
--> Olympus Tags 
--> Olympus Tags 
--> Sony PIC Tags 
--> Sony Tags 
--> Sony Ericsson Tags 
--> Sony SRF Tags 
(unknown text-based maker notes) 
(unknown binary maker notes) 
--> Unknown Tags
0x9286UserCommentundefExifIFD 
0x9290SubSecTimestringExifIFD(fractional seconds for ModifyDate)
0x9291SubSecTimeOriginalstringExifIFD(fractional seconds for DateTimeOriginal)
0x9292SubSecTimeDigitizedstringExifIFD(fractional seconds for CreateDate)
0x932fMSDocumentTextno- 
0x9330MSPropertySetStorageno- 
0x9331MSDocumentTextPositionno- 
0x935cImageSourceDataundef!IFD0 
0x9400AmbientTemperaturerational64sExifIFD(ambient temperature in degrees C, called Temperature by the EXIF spec.)
0x9401Humidityrational64uExifIFD(ambient relative humidity in percent)
0x9402Pressurerational64uExifIFD(air pressure in hPa or mbar)
0x9403WaterDepthrational64sExifIFD(depth under water in metres, negative for above water)
0x9404Accelerationrational64uExifIFD(directionless camera acceleration in units of mGal, or 10-5 m/s2)
0x9405CameraElevationAnglerational64sExifIFD 
0x9c9bXPTitleint8uIFD0(tags 0x9c9b-0x9c9f are used by Windows Explorer; special characters in these values are converted to UTF-8 by default, or Windows Latin1 with the -L option. XPTitle is ignored by Windows Explorer if ImageDescription exists)
0x9c9cXPCommentint8uIFD0 
0x9c9dXPAuthorint8uIFD0(ignored by Windows Explorer if Artist exists)
0x9c9eXPKeywordsint8uIFD0 
0x9c9fXPSubjectint8uIFD0 
0xa000FlashpixVersionundef:ExifIFD 
0xa001ColorSpaceint16u:ExifIFD(the value of 0x2 is not standard EXIF. Instead, an Adobe RGB image is indicated by "Uncalibrated" with an InteropIndex of "R03". The values 0xfffd and 0xfffe are also non-standard, and are used by some Sony cameras) 
0x1 = sRGB 
0x2 = Adobe RGB 
0xfffd = Wide Gamut RGB 
0xfffe = ICC Profile 
0xffff = Uncalibrated
0xa002ExifImageWidthint16u:ExifIFD(called PixelXDimension by the EXIF spec.)
0xa003ExifImageHeightint16u:ExifIFD(called PixelYDimension by the EXIF spec.)
0xa004RelatedSoundFilestringExifIFD 
0xa005InteropOffset----> EXIF Tags
0xa010SamsungRawPointersOffsetno- 
0xa011SamsungRawPointersLengthno- 
0xa101SamsungRawByteOrderno- 
0xa102SamsungRawUnknown?no- 
0xa20bFlashEnergyrational64uExifIFD 
0xa20cSpatialFrequencyResponseno- 
0xa20dNoiseno- 
0xa20eFocalPlaneXResolutionrational64uExifIFD 
0xa20fFocalPlaneYResolutionrational64uExifIFD 
0xa210FocalPlaneResolutionUnitint16uExifIFD(values 1, 4 and 5 are not standard EXIF) 
1 = None 
2 = inches 
3 = cm 
4 = mm 
5 = um
0xa211ImageNumberno- 
0xa212SecurityClassificationno- 
0xa213ImageHistoryno- 
0xa214SubjectLocationint16u[2]ExifIFD 
0xa215ExposureIndexrational64uExifIFD 
0xa216TIFF-EPStandardIDno- 
0xa217SensingMethodint16uExifIFD
1 = Not defined 
2 = One-chip color area 
3 = Two-chip color area 
4 = Three-chip color area 
5 = Color sequential area 
7 = Trilinear 
8 = Color sequential linear
0xa300FileSourceundefExifIFD1 = Film Scanner 
2 = Reflection Print Scanner 
3 = Digital Camera 
"\x03\x00\x00\x00" = Sigma Digital Camera
0xa301SceneTypeundefExifIFD1 = Directly photographed
0xa302CFAPatternundefExifIFD 
0xa401CustomRenderedint16uExifIFD0 = Normal 
1 = Custom
0xa402ExposureModeint16uExifIFD0 = Auto 
1 = Manual 
2 = Auto bracket
0xa403WhiteBalanceint16uExifIFD0 = Auto 
1 = Manual
0xa404DigitalZoomRatiorational64uExifIFD 
0xa405FocalLengthIn35mmFormatint16uExifIFD(called FocalLengthIn35mmFilm by the EXIF spec.)
0xa406SceneCaptureTypeint16uExifIFD0 = Standard 
1 = Landscape 
2 = Portrait 
3 = Night
0xa407GainControlint16uExifIFD0 = None 
1 = Low gain up 
2 = High gain up 
3 = Low gain down 
4 = High gain down
0xa408Contrastint16uExifIFD0 = Normal 
1 = Low 
2 = High
0xa409Saturationint16uExifIFD0 = Normal 
1 = Low 
2 = High
0xa40aSharpnessint16uExifIFD0 = Normal 
1 = Soft 
2 = Hard
0xa40bDeviceSettingDescriptionno- 
0xa40cSubjectDistanceRangeint16uExifIFD0 = Unknown 
1 = Macro 
2 = Close 
3 = Distant
0xa420ImageUniqueIDstringExifIFD 
0xa430OwnerNamestringExifIFD(called CameraOwnerName by the EXIF spec.)
0xa431SerialNumberstringExifIFD(called BodySerialNumber by the EXIF spec.)
0xa432LensInforational64u[4]ExifIFD(4 rational values giving focal and aperture ranges, called LensSpecification by the EXIF spec.)
0xa433LensMakestringExifIFD 
0xa434LensModelstringExifIFD 
0xa435LensSerialNumberstringExifIFD 
0xa480GDALMetadatano- 
0xa481GDALNoDatano- 
0xa500Gammarational64uExifIFD 
0xafc0ExpandSoftwareno- 
0xafc1ExpandLensno- 
0xafc2ExpandFilmno- 
0xafc3ExpandFilterLensno- 
0xafc4ExpandScannerno- 
0xafc5ExpandFlashLampno- 
0xbc01PixelFormatno-(tags 0xbc** are used in Windows HD Photo (HDP and WDP) images. The actual PixelFormat values are 16-byte GUID's but the leading 15 bytes, '6fddc324-4e03-4bfe-b1853-d77768dc9', have been removed below to avoid unnecessary clutter)
0x5 = Black & White 
0x8 = 8-bit Gray 
0x9 = 16-bit BGR555 
0xa = 16-bit BGR565 
0xb = 16-bit Gray 
0xc = 24-bit BGR 
0xd = 24-bit RGB 
0xe = 32-bit BGR 
0xf = 32-bit BGRA 
0x10 = 32-bit PBGRA 
0x11 = 32-bit Gray Float 
0x12 = 48-bit RGB Fixed Point 
0x13 = 32-bit BGR101010 
0x15 = 48-bit RGB 
0x16 = 64-bit RGBA 
0x17 = 64-bit PRGBA 
0x18 = 96-bit RGB Fixed Point 
0x19 = 128-bit RGBA Float 
0x1a = 128-bit PRGBA Float 
0x1b = 128-bit RGB Float 
0x1c = 32-bit CMYK 
0x1d = 64-bit RGBA Fixed Point 
0x1e = 128-bit RGBA Fixed Point 
0x1f = 64-bit CMYK 
0x20 = 24-bit 3 Channels 
0x21 = 32-bit 4 Channels 
0x22 = 40-bit 5 Channels 
0x23 = 48-bit 6 Channels 
0x24 = 56-bit 7 Channels 
0x25 = 64-bit 8 Channels 
0x26 = 48-bit 3 Channels 
0x27 = 64-bit 4 Channels 
0x28 = 80-bit 5 Channels 
0x29 = 96-bit 6 Channels 
0x2a = 112-bit 7 Channels 
0x2b = 128-bit 8 Channels 
0x2c = 40-bit CMYK Alpha 
0x2d = 80-bit CMYK Alpha 
0x2e = 32-bit 3 Channels Alpha 
0x2f = 40-bit 4 Channels Alpha 
0x30 = 48-bit 5 Channels Alpha 
0x31 = 56-bit 6 Channels Alpha 
0x32 = 64-bit 7 Channels Alpha 
0x33 = 72-bit 8 Channels Alpha 
0x34 = 64-bit 3 Channels Alpha 
0x35 = 80-bit 4 Channels Alpha 
0x36 = 96-bit 5 Channels Alpha 
0x37 = 112-bit 6 Channels Alpha 
0x38 = 128-bit 7 Channels Alpha 
0x39 = 144-bit 8 Channels Alpha 
0x3a = 64-bit RGBA Half 
0x3b = 48-bit RGB Half 
0x3d = 32-bit RGBE 
0x3e = 16-bit Gray Half 
0x3f = 32-bit Gray Fixed Point
0xbc02Transformationno-
0 = Horizontal (normal) 
1 = Mirror vertical 
2 = Mirror horizontal 
3 = Rotate 180 
4 = Rotate 90 CW 
5 = Mirror horizontal and rotate 90 CW 
6 = Mirror horizontal and rotate 270 CW 
7 = Rotate 270 CW
0xbc03Uncompressedno-0 = No 
1 = Yes
0xbc04ImageTypeno-Bit 0 = Preview 
Bit 1 = Page
0xbc80ImageWidthno- 
0xbc81ImageHeightno- 
0xbc82WidthResolutionno- 
0xbc83HeightResolutionno- 
0xbcc0ImageOffsetno- 
0xbcc1ImageByteCountno- 
0xbcc2AlphaOffsetno- 
0xbcc3AlphaByteCountno- 
0xbcc4ImageDataDiscardno-0 = Full Resolution 
1 = Flexbits Discarded 
2 = HighPass Frequency Data Discarded 
3 = Highpass and LowPass Frequency Data Discarded
0xbcc5AlphaDataDiscardno-0 = Full Resolution 
1 = Flexbits Discarded 
2 = HighPass Frequency Data Discarded 
3 = Highpass and LowPass Frequency Data Discarded
0xc427OceScanjobDescno- 
0xc428OceApplicationSelectorno- 
0xc429OceIDNumberno- 
0xc42aOceImageLogicno- 
0xc44fAnnotationsno- 
0xc4a5PrintIMundefIFD0--> PrintIM Tags
0xc573OriginalFileNameno-(used by some obscure software)
0xc580USPTOOriginalContentTypeno-0 = Text or Drawing 
1 = Grayscale 
2 = Color
0xc612DNGVersionint8u[4]!IFD0(tags 0xc612-0xc7b5 are defined by the DNG specification unless otherwise noted. See https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/digital-negative.html for the specification)
0xc613DNGBackwardVersionint8u[4]!IFD0 
0xc614UniqueCameraModelstringIFD0 
0xc615LocalizedCameraModelstringIFD0 
0xc616CFAPlaneColorno- 
0xc617CFALayoutno-1 = Rectangular 
2 = Even columns offset down 1/2 row 
3 = Even columns offset up 1/2 row 
4 = Even rows offset right 1/2 column 
5 = Even rows offset left 1/2 column 
6 = Even rows offset up by 1/2 row, even columns offset left by 1/2 column 
7 = Even rows offset up by 1/2 row, even columns offset right by 1/2 column 
8 = Even rows offset down by 1/2 row, even columns offset left by 1/2 column 
9 = Even rows offset down by 1/2 row, even columns offset right by 1/2 column
0xc618LinearizationTableint16u[n]!SubIFD 
0xc619BlackLevelRepeatDimint16u[2]!SubIFD 
0xc61aBlackLevelrational64u[n]!SubIFD 
0xc61bBlackLevelDeltaHrational64s[n]!SubIFD 
0xc61cBlackLevelDeltaVrational64s[n]!SubIFD 
0xc61dWhiteLevelint32u[n]!SubIFD 
0xc61eDefaultScalerational64u[2]!SubIFD 
0xc61fDefaultCropOriginint32u[2]!SubIFD 
0xc620DefaultCropSizeint32u[2]!SubIFD 
0xc621ColorMatrix1rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc622ColorMatrix2rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc623CameraCalibration1rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc624CameraCalibration2rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc625ReductionMatrix1rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc626ReductionMatrix2rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc627AnalogBalancerational64u[n]!IFD0 
0xc628AsShotNeutralrational64u[n]!IFD0 
0xc629AsShotWhiteXYrational64u[2]!IFD0 
0xc62aBaselineExposurerational64s!IFD0 
0xc62bBaselineNoiserational64u!IFD0 
0xc62cBaselineSharpnessrational64u!IFD0 
0xc62dBayerGreenSplitint32u!SubIFD 
0xc62eLinearResponseLimitrational64u!IFD0 
0xc62fCameraSerialNumberstringIFD0 
0xc630DNGLensInforational64u[4]IFD0 
0xc631ChromaBlurRadiusrational64u!SubIFD 
0xc632AntiAliasStrengthrational64u!SubIFD 
0xc633ShadowScalerational64u!IFD0 
0xc634SR2Private 
DNGAdobeData 
MakerNotePentax 
MakerNotePentax5 
DNGPrivateData
-
undef!
-
-
undef!
-
IFD0
-
-
IFD0
--> Sony SR2Private Tags 
--> DNG AdobeData Tags 
--> Pentax Tags 
--> Pentax Tags
0xc635MakerNoteSafetyint16uIFD00 = Unsafe 
1 = Safe
0xc640RawImageSegmentationno-(used in segmented Canon CR2 images. 3 numbers: 1. Number of segments minus one; 2. Pixel width of segments except last; 3. Pixel width of last segment)
0xc65aCalibrationIlluminant1int16u!IFD0--> EXIF LightSource Values
0xc65bCalibrationIlluminant2int16u!IFD0--> EXIF LightSource Values
0xc65cBestQualityScalerational64u!SubIFD 
0xc65dRawDataUniqueIDint8u[16]!IFD0 
0xc660AliasLayerMetadatano-(used by Alias Sketchbook Pro)
0xc68bOriginalRawFileNamestring!IFD0 
0xc68cOriginalRawFileDataundef!IFD0--> DNG OriginalRaw Tags
0xc68dActiveAreaint32u[4]!SubIFD 
0xc68eMaskedAreasint32u[n]!SubIFD 
0xc68fAsShotICCProfileundef!IFD0--> ICC_Profile Tags
0xc690AsShotPreProfileMatrixrational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc691CurrentICCProfileundef!IFD0--> ICC_Profile Tags
0xc692CurrentPreProfileMatrixrational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc6bfColorimetricReferenceint16u!IFD0 
0xc6c5SRawTypeno- 
0xc6d2PanasonicTitleundefIFD0(proprietary Panasonic tag used for baby/pet name, etc)
0xc6d3PanasonicTitle2undefIFD0(proprietary Panasonic tag used for baby/pet name with age)
0xc6f3CameraCalibrationSigstring!IFD0 
0xc6f4ProfileCalibrationSigstring!IFD0 
0xc6f5ProfileIFD----> EXIF Tags
0xc6f6AsShotProfileNamestring!IFD0 
0xc6f7NoiseReductionAppliedrational64u!SubIFD 
0xc6f8ProfileNamestring!IFD0 
0xc6f9ProfileHueSatMapDimsint32u[3]!IFD0 
0xc6faProfileHueSatMapData1float[n]!IFD0 
0xc6fbProfileHueSatMapData2float[n]!IFD0 
0xc6fcProfileToneCurvefloat[n]!IFD0 
0xc6fdProfileEmbedPolicyint32u!IFD00 = Allow Copying 
1 = Embed if Used 
2 = Never Embed 
3 = No Restrictions
0xc6feProfileCopyrightstring!IFD0 
0xc714ForwardMatrix1rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc715ForwardMatrix2rational64s[n]!IFD0 
0xc716PreviewApplicationNamestring!IFD0 
0xc717PreviewApplicationVersionstring!IFD0 
0xc718PreviewSettingsNamestring!IFD0 
0xc719PreviewSettingsDigestint8u!IFD0 
0xc71aPreviewColorSpaceint32u!IFD00 = Unknown 
1 = Gray Gamma 2.2 
2 = sRGB 
3 = Adobe RGB 
4 = ProPhoto RGB
0xc71bPreviewDateTimestring!IFD0 
0xc71cRawImageDigestint8u[16]!IFD0 
0xc71dOriginalRawFileDigestint8u[16]!IFD0 
0xc71eSubTileBlockSizeno- 
0xc71fRowInterleaveFactorno- 
0xc725ProfileLookTableDimsint32u[3]!IFD0 
0xc726ProfileLookTableDatafloat[n]!IFD0 
0xc740OpcodeList1undef!SubIFD 
0xc741OpcodeList2undef!SubIFD 
0xc74eOpcodeList3undef!SubIFD 
0xc761NoiseProfiledouble[n]!SubIFD 
0xc763TimeCodesint8u[n]IFD0 
0xc764FrameRaterational64sIFD0 
0xc772TStoprational64u[n]IFD0 
0xc789ReelNamestringIFD0 
0xc791OriginalDefaultFinalSizeint32u[2]!IFD0 
0xc792OriginalBestQualitySizeint32u[2]!IFD0(called OriginalBestQualityFinalSize by the DNG spec)
0xc793OriginalDefaultCropSizerational64u[2]!IFD0 
0xc7a1CameraLabelstringIFD0 
0xc7a3ProfileHueSatMapEncodingint32u!IFD00 = Linear 
1 = sRGB
0xc7a4ProfileLookTableEncodingint32u!IFD00 = Linear 
1 = sRGB
0xc7a5BaselineExposureOffsetrational64s!IFD0 
0xc7a6DefaultBlackRenderint32u!IFD00 = Auto 
1 = None
0xc7a7NewRawImageDigestint8u[16]!IFD0 
0xc7a8RawToPreviewGaindouble!IFD0 
0xc7b5DefaultUserCroprational64u[4]!SubIFD 
0xea1cPaddingundefExifIFD 
0xea1dOffsetSchemaint32sExifIFD(Microsoft's ill-conceived maker note offset difference)
0xfde8OwnerNamestring/ExifIFD(tags 0xfde8-0xfdea and 0xfe4c-0xfe58 are generated by Photoshop Camera RAW. Some names are the same as other EXIF tags, but ExifTool will avoid writing these unless they already exist in the file)
0xfde9SerialNumberstring/ExifIFD 
0xfdeaLensstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe00KDC_IFD----> Kodak KDC_IFD Tags 
(used in some Kodak KDC images)
0xfe4cRawFilestring/ExifIFD 
0xfe4dConverterstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe4eWhiteBalancestring/ExifIFD 
0xfe51Exposurestring/ExifIFD 
0xfe52Shadowsstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe53Brightnessstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe54Contraststring/ExifIFD 
0xfe55Saturationstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe56Sharpnessstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe57Smoothnessstring/ExifIFD 
0xfe58MoireFilterstring/ExifIFD 

EXIF Compression Values

ValueCompression
1= Uncompressed
2= CCITT 1D
3= T4/Group 3 Fax
4= T6/Group 4 Fax
5= LZW
6= JPEG (old-style)
7= JPEG
8= Adobe Deflate
9= JBIG B&W
10= JBIG Color
99= JPEG
262= Kodak 262
32766= Next
32767= Sony ARW Compressed
32769= Packed RAW
32770= Samsung SRW Compressed
32771= CCIRLEW
32772= Samsung SRW Compressed 2
32773= PackBits
32809= Thunderscan
32867= Kodak KDC Compressed
32895= IT8CTPAD
32896= IT8LW
32897= IT8MP
32898= IT8BL
32908= PixarFilm
32909= PixarLog
32946= Deflate
32947= DCS
34661= JBIG
34676= SGILog
34677= SGILog24
34712= JPEG 2000
34713= Nikon NEF Compressed
34715= JBIG2 TIFF FX
34718= Microsoft Document Imaging (MDI) Binary Level Codec
34719= Microsoft Document Imaging (MDI) Progressive Transform Codec
34720= Microsoft Document Imaging (MDI) Vector
34892= Lossy JPEG
65000= Kodak DCR Compressed
65535= Pentax PEF Compressed

EXIF LightSource Values

ValueLightSourceValueLightSourceValueLightSource
0= Unknown 12 = Daylight Fluorescent20= D55
1= Daylight 13 = Day White Fluorescent21= D65
2= Fluorescent 14 = Cool White Fluorescent22= D75
3= Tungsten (Incandescent) 15 = White Fluorescent23= D50
4= Flash 16 = Warm White Fluorescent24= ISO Studio Tungsten
9= Fine Weather 17 = Standard Light A255= Other
10= Cloudy 18 = Standard Light B  
11= Shade 19 = Standard Light C  

EXIF Flash Values

ValueFlash
0x0= No Flash
0x1= Fired
0x5= Fired, Return not detected
0x7= Fired, Return detected
0x8= On, Did not fire
0x9= On, Fired
0xd= On, Return not detected
0xf= On, Return detected
0x10= Off, Did not fire
0x14= Off, Did not fire, Return not detected
0x18= Auto, Did not fire
0x19= Auto, Fired
0x1d= Auto, Fired, Return not detected
0x1f= Auto, Fired, Return detected
0x20= No flash function
0x30= Off, No flash function
0x41= Fired, Red-eye reduction
0x45= Fired, Red-eye reduction, Return not detected
0x47= Fired, Red-eye reduction, Return detected
0x49= On, Red-eye reduction
0x4d= On, Red-eye reduction, Return not detected
0x4f= On, Red-eye reduction, Return detected
0x50= Off, Red-eye reduction
0x58= Auto, Did not fire, Red-eye reduction
0x59= Auto, Fired, Red-eye reduction
0x5d= Auto, Fired, Red-eye reduction, Return not detected
0x5f= Auto, Fired, Red-eye reduction, Return detected
### 回答1: Exif是Exchangeable Image File Format的缩写,用于在JPEG图像文件中存储元数据(metadata)信息。这些元数据包含了拍摄设备、拍摄时间、曝光参数、焦距、闪光灯、照片方向、GPS坐标等信息。 要读写JPEG图像的Exif元数据,我们可以使用图像处理库或框架,例如Pillow(Python Imaging Library)等。下面是一个简单的示例代码: 首先,我们需要安装Pillow库。打开终端(命令提示符)并执行以下命令: ``` pip install pillow ``` 接下来,在Python脚本中导入Pillow库: ```python from PIL import Image from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS ``` 然后,打开JPEG图像文件并获取Exif元数据: ```python image = Image.open("example.jpg") exif_data = image._getexif() ``` 获取的Exif元数据是一个字典类型(dict)。我们可以通过循环遍历它并打印出每个元数据的标签(tag)和值(value): ```python for tag_id, value in exif_data.items(): tag_name = TAGS.get(tag_id, tag_id) print(f"{tag_name}: {value}") ``` 同样地,我们也可以修改Exif元数据: ```python exif_data[TagID] = new_value ``` 修改后的Exif元数据需要重新保存到图像文件中: ```python image.save("example_with_modified_exif.jpg") ``` 以上就是使用Pillow库读写JPEG图像的Exif元数据的基本步骤。当然,根据具体需求,我们可以针对不同的Exif标签进行特定的操作,例如获取拍摄设备信息、修改拍摄时间等。 ### 回答2: JPG是一种常见的图像文件格式,其中包含了一些关于图像的元数据(exif),这些元数据可以提供有关图像的各种信息,例如拍摄日期、拍摄设备、曝光时间等。下面是关于如何读写JPG图像的元数据的简单说明: 要读取JPG图像的元数据,可以使用一些图像处理库或软件来实现。其中一个常用的库是Python的Pillow库。使用Pillow库,可以轻松地读取图像的元数据。以下是读取JPG图像元数据的示例代码: ``` from PIL import Image # 打开图像 img = Image.open('image.jpg') # 获取元数据 exif_data = img._getexif() # 输出各个元数据的值 for tag, value in exif_data.items(): print(f'{tag}: {value}') ``` 要写入JPG图像的元数据,也可以使用Pillow库来实现。以下是写入JPG图像元数据的示例代码: ``` from PIL import Image # 打开图像 img = Image.open('image.jpg') # 获取元数据 exif_data = img.info['exif'] # 修改元数据 exif_data['Exif.Image.Software'] = 'My Image Processing Software' # 保存图像,并写入新的元数据 img.save('new_image.jpg', exif=exif_data) ``` 在上面的示例代码中,我们首先使用`Image.open()`函数来打开JPG图像。然后,我们可以使用`_getexif()`方法获取图像的所有exif元数据。我们还可以使用`img.info['exif']`获取图像的exif数据。接下来,我们可以根据需要修改相关的exif元数据。最后,我们可以使用`img.save()`方法将修改后的exif元数据保存到新的图像文件中。 总之,读写JPG图像的元数据需要使用一些图像处理库或软件,例如Python的Pillow库。通过这些库,我们可以轻松地读取和写入JPG图像的元数据。 ### 回答3: JPEG图像是一种广泛使用的图像格式,EXIF(Exchangeable Image File)是一种元数据格式,它提供了有关图像的详细信息。关于如何读写JPEG图像的EXIF元数据,可以通过以下步骤来完成: 1. 读取EXIF元数据:可以使用各种图像处理库或软件来读取JPEG图像的EXIF元数据。例如,Python中的Pillow库、Java中的ImageIO库以及Adobe Photoshop等软件都提供了读取EXIF元数据的功能。通过提供图像的路径或文件对象作为输入,这些库和软件可以将存储在JPEG图像中的EXIF元数据读取到内存中。 2. 解析EXIF标签:一旦EXIF元数据被读取到内存中,就可以通过解析EXIF标签来获取图像的各种信息。EXIF标签包含了图像的拍摄时间、相机型号、拍摄地点、曝光时间、ISO感光度等信息。不同的EXIF标签具有不同的标识符和数据类型,因此需要参考相关的EXIF标准来正确解析每个标签。 3. 修改EXIF元数据:如果需要修改JPEG图像的EXIF元数据,可以使用相同的图像处理库或软件来完成。通过提供待修改的EXIF标签和对应的新值,可以将新的EXIF元数据写入到JPEG图像中。需要注意的是,修改EXIF元数据可能会导致图像的元数据与实际内容不一致,因此在修改前需谨慎考虑。 总之,读写JPEG图像的EXIF元数据可以通过使用图像处理库或软件来实现。读取EXIF元数据可以通过提供图像路径或文件对象作为输入来完成。解析EXIF标签可以获取图像的各种信息。修改EXIF元数据可以通过提供待修改的EXIF标签和新值来实现,但需谨慎考虑可能导致的不一致情况。
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