iOS Objective-C 类（一）

首先申明下，本文为笔者学习《Objective-C 基础教程》的笔记，并加入笔者自己的理解和归纳总结。

1. import语句

#import可保证头文件只被包含一次。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

2. NSLog和@“字符串”

• NSLog方法与printf相似，向控制台输出。
• @符号表示NSString类型。

3. 布尔类型(BOOL)

YES和NO

4. 类

• @interface表示这是类的接口，以@end结束。
• @implementation实现类定义的接口，以@end结束。
• 每个类都是NSObject。
• 在{}内定义类需要的各种数据成员。
• 短线-定义一个方法，后面紧跟返回类型，void表示无返回值。+定义一个类方法。
• 方法参数中()定义参数类型，紧跟参数名。

示例

@interface ShapeBounds : NSObject {
    int width, height;
}

- (void)setWidth:(int)width height:(int)height;

@end

@implementation ShapeBounds

- (void)setWidth:(int)w height:(int)h {
    width = w;
    height = h;
}

- (NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%d, %d)", width, height];
}

@end

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    ShapeBounds *bounds = [ShapeBounds new];
    [bounds setWidth:100 height:60];
    NSLog(@"%@", bounds); // (100, 60)
}

输出

(100, 60)

5. 继承

类声明时，冒号:后面的标识符是需要继承的类，Objective-C只支持单继承。super关键字能调用父类的方法。

@interface Shape : NSObject

- (void)draw;

@end

@implementation Shape

- (void)draw {
    NSLog(@"draw Shape.");
}

@end

@interface Circle : Shape
@end

@implementation Circle

- (void)draw {
    [super draw];
    NSLog(@"draw Circle.");
}

@end

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    Shape *circle = [Circle new];
    [circle draw];
}

输出

draw Shape.
draw Circle.

6. 复合

Shape拥有自己的位置，可以用ShapeBounds表示。

@interface Shape : NSObject {
    ShapeBounds *bounds;
}

- (void)setBounds:(ShapeBounds *)bounds;
- (void)draw;

@end

@implementation Shape

- (void)setBounds:(ShapeBounds *)b {
    bounds = b;
}

- (void)draw {
    NSLog(@"draw Shape at %@.", bounds);
}

@end

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    ShapeBounds *bounds = [ShapeBounds new];
    [bounds setWidth:100 height:60];
    Shape *circle = [Circle new];
    [circle setBounds:bounds];
    [circle draw];
}

输出

draw Shape at (100, 60).
draw Circle.

7. 跨文件依赖

ShapeBounds可以拆分为 “ShapeBounds.h” 和 “ShapeBounds.m”

“ShapeBounds.h” 文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface ShapeBounds : NSObject {
    int width, height;
}

- (void)setWidth:(int)width height:(int)height;

@end

“ShapeBounds.m” 文件

#import "ShapeBounds.h"

@implementation ShapeBounds

- (void)setWidth:(int)w height:(int)h {
    width = w;
    height = h;
}

- (NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%d, %d)", width, height];
}

@end

Shape类分为 “Shape.h” 和 “Shape.m”，在Shape中引用了ShapeBounds类，必须在文件中声明依赖关系。@class可以声明引用关系，在编译时知道这是一个类，但ShapeBounds被修改时不用重新编译 “Shape.h” 文件。

"Shape.h"文件

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@class ShapeBounds;

@interface Shape : NSObject {
    ShapeBounds *bounds;
}

- (void)setBounds:(ShapeBounds *)bounds;
- (void)draw;

@end

“Shape.m” 文件

#import "Shape.h"
#import "ShapeBounds.h"

@implementation Shape

- (void)setBounds:(ShapeBounds *)b {
    bounds = b;
}

- (void)draw {
    NSLog(@"draw Shape at %@.", bounds);
}

@end

Circle类分为 “Circle.h” 和 “Circle.m”， “Circle.h” 文件中Shape类不能用@class声明。

“Circle.h” 文件

#import "Shape.h"

@interface Circle : Shape
@end

“Circle.m” 文件

#import "Circle.h"

@implementation Circle

- (void)draw {
    [super draw];
    NSLog(@"draw Circle.");
}

@end

“main.m” 文件

#import "Circle.h"
#import "ShapeBounds.h"

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    ShapeBounds *bounds = [ShapeBounds new];
    [bounds setWidth:100 height:60];
    Shape *circle = [Circle new];
    [circle setBounds:bounds];
    [circle draw];
}