上一期博客我们介绍了熔断器的应用,主要讲解了Hystrix在Ribbon以及Feign中的用法。博客链接为https://blog.csdn.net/chenpeixing361/article/details/95641411。这一期博客我们主要介绍两方面内容,一方面是熔断器仪表盘的监测,另一方面是使用路由网关统一访问接口。接下来我们以实际的代码向大家具体说明用法。
我们在之前的feign项目的pom.xml文件中添加如下代码:
<!-- 添加Hystrix仪表盘功能 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
然后我们在Application类中添加注解@EnableHystrixDashboard,表明该类添加了熔断器仪表盘,代码如下:
package com.chen.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.fegin;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class WebAdminFeginApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WebAdminFeginApplication.class,args);
}
}
由于SpringBoot2.x开启Hystrix Dashboard与Spring Boot1.x的方式不同,我们需要另外创建hystrix.stream的Servlet配置,新建config包,然后新建HystrixDashboardConfiguration类,其代码如下:
package com.chen.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.fegin.config;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class HystrixDashboardConfiguration {
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet() {
HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
}
接下来我们对熔断器仪表盘进行测试,我们需要先后开启8761,8764和8765三个端口,然后输入网址http://localhost:8765/hystrix,测试截图如下:
然后我们输入网址以及标题,截图如下:
然后我们点击Monitor Stream,进入下一个界面,我们访问http://localhost:8765/hi?message=HelloFeign,此时熔断器会起作用,因为服务没有开启,多刷新几次后,熔断器仪表盘会有所记录,截图如下:
可见我们刷新了8次,成功率为100%。
接下来我们配置路由网关统一访问接口,新建子项目hello-spring-cloud-zuul,其pom.xml文件代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.chen</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-cloud-zuul</name>
<inceptionYear>2019-Now</inceptionYear>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot End -->
<!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加API网关Zuul -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Cloud End -->
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.chen.spring.cloud.zuul.ZuulApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
接着我们新建application.yml文件,配置端口信息并且用api网关聚合之前的ribbon以及feign服务,并配置各自的path和serviceId,其中/api/a/**中的**表示通配符,代码如下:
spring:
application:
name: hello-spring-cloud-zuul
server:
port: 8769
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#api网关聚合两个服务
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api/a/**
serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api/b/**
serviceId: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign
然后和之前的步骤大同小异,我们新建ZuulApplication类,并添加@EnableZuulProxy注解,表示加入了Zuul网关的代理,当然该应用类仍然是Eureka服务的客户端,即消费者身份,所以添加@EnableEurekaClient是必须的。代码如下:
package com.chen.spring.cloud.zuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class,args);
}
}
好了,到这儿基本结束了,我们依次开启8761,8763,8764,8765和8769共5个端口,界面截图如下:
然后我们打开浏览器依次访问http://localhost:8769/api/a/hi?message=HelloZuul和http://localhost:8769/api/b/hi?message=HelloZuul,运行截图如下:
有时候会出现网络不稳定的情况,会出现请求失败的情况,所以我们需要配置网关路由失败时的回调,新建provider包,并创建WebAdminFeignFallbackProvder类,其代码如下:
package com.chen.spring.cloud.zuul.provider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 路由hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign失败时的回调
*/
@Component
public class WebAdminFeignFallbackProvider implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign";
}
/**
* 如果请求失败,则返回指定的信息给调用者
* @param route 路由
* @param cause
* @return
*/
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
/**
* 网关向api服务请求失败了,但是消费者客户端向网关发起的请求是成功的,
* 不应该把api的404,500等问题抛给客户端,
* 网关和api服务集群对于客户端来说是黑盒。
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("status",200);
map.put("message","无法连接,请检查您的网络!");
return new ByteArrayInputStream(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(map).getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
//和getBody中的编码内容一致
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
如果出现网络故障问题,那么界面会显示一个json字符串,status值为200,表示请求成功;message值为“无法连接,请检查您的网络!”,表明网络故障问题。
好了,本期博客的讲解就到这里了,我们下期再见!