平时使用 类 类型的视图是如何解析的呢,下面进行简单介绍:
在url中通常有如下代码
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urlpatterns=[
url(r'^$',SomeView.as_view(),name='index'),
url(r'^about/$',AboutView.as_view(),name='about'),
]
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当有人访问我们的网站根目录的时候,url会在url列表中进行匹配,找到第一个匹配项则把对应的request和其他参数传递给对应的视图
那么在上面的urlpatterns中则一定会匹配到第一条,也就是会把request等信息传递给SomeView.as_view()方法。因为SomeView继承自View,而我们没有去实现as_view()方法
,那么也就是View.as_view()会进行处理。
而处理的过程如下,解释标注在下面代码中:
- @classonlymethod
- def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
- """
- Main entry point for a request-response process.
- """
- for key in initkwargs: #首先是判断 在urlpatterns中as_view有没有传入 http方法的参数,比如我传入一个 get='post',
- if key in cls.http_method_names: #如果传入了呢,则会抛出异常,
- raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
- "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
- % (key, cls.__name__))
- if not hasattr(cls, key): #如果传入的参数并不存在于 视图类中,比如我传入 temp='123',而我的视图类中并没有该属性,也会抛出异常
- raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
- "only accepts arguments that are already "
- "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
- def view(request, *args, **kwargs): #此方法主要用于返回请求的 视图
- self = cls(**initkwargs)
- if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):#如果类视图实现了 get方法,并且没实现head方法,则head方法等同于get方法
- self.head = self.get
- self.request = request
- self.args = args
- self.kwargs = kwargs
- return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) #这是查找类视图中对应方法的重要步骤
- view.view_class = cls
- view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
- # take name and docstring from class
- update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
- # and possible attributes set by decorators
- # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
- update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
- return view #把最终的视图处理返回用于调用
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dispatch解释标注在下面代码中
- def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
- # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
- # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
- # request method isn't on the approved list.
- if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:#判断request中的方法是不是类视图允许的方法
- #如果是允许的方法,则会在对应的类视图中的方法传给给handler用于之后的处理
- #如果是允许的方法,但是类视图中没有实现该方法,则把http_method_not_allowed方法返回
- handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
- else:#是不允许的方法,则返回 http_method_not_allowed方法,源码在开头
- handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
- return handler(request, *args, **kwargs