JAVA网络编程笔

网络参考模型：

网络通讯要素：

l  IP地址：

网络中设备的标识。

不易记忆，可以用主机名。

本机回环地址：127.0.0.1 主机名：localhost

l  端口号：

用于标识进程的逻辑地址，不同进程的标识。

有效端口：0~65536 ，其中0~1024为系统使用或保留端口。

l  传输协议：

通信的规则：TCP、UDP

Java.net.InetAddress     类：

此类表示互联网协议 (IP) 地址。

代码示例：

public class IpAddress {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    InetAddress home = null;                    try {                             //ia = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");//在给定主机名的情况下确定主机的 IP地址。                             //String s = ia.getCanonicalHostName();//获取此 IP地址的完全限定域名。                             home = InetAddress.getLocalHost();                             System.out.println(home.getHostAddress()+" "+home.getHostName());                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }          } }

TCP和UDP：

         UDP：

1.        将数据及源和目的封装到数据包中，不需要建立连接。

2.        每个数据包的大小限制64K。

3.        不可靠连接。

4.        速度快。

TCP：

1.        建立连接形成传输数据的通道。

2.        在连接中进行大量数据传输。

3.        通过三次握手完成连接，可靠。

4.        传输速度慢，效率低。

Socket：

         是为网络服务提供的一种机制，通讯两端都有Socket，网络通讯就死Socket通讯，通过IO操作。

UDP:

UDP发送数据：

public class IpAddress {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    try {                             //通过DatagramSocket创建 UDB的 Socket 服务。                             DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();                             //确定数据，使用 public final class DatagramPacket类封装成对象。                             byte b [] ="苏联空军分了手机分离设计".getBytes();                             InetAddress ia = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");                             DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(b,b.length,ia,80);                             //通过Socket服务，将数据发送                             ds.send(dp);                             //关闭Socket                             ds.close();                    } catch (SocketException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }          } }

UDP接受数据：         

public class UDBReceive {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    try {                             //建立Socket服务，监听在8888端口                             DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(8888);                             //建立数据包，通过8888端口进行读取                             byte buf [] =newbyte [1024];                             DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);                             //阻塞式接受数据，并存放在dp中                             ds.receive(dp);                             System.out.println(new String(buf));                             System.out.println("ip地址："+dp.getAddress());                             //关闭服务                             ds.close();                    } catch (SocketException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }          } }

TCP :

         服务端对象：ServerSocket

public class TestTcp {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    try {                             Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8866);                             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));                             BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter((new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream())));                             OutputStreambw = s.getOutputStream();                             String str = br.readLine();                             bw.write(str);                             s.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }          } }

public class ServerDemo {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    ServerSocket ss = null;                    try {                              ss = new ServerSocket(8866);                             while(true) {                                      Socket s = ss.accept();                                      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));                                      String str = br.readLine();                                      System.out.println(s.getInetAddress());                                      System.out.println("有一个连接"+" "+str );                             }                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }finally {                             try {                                      ss.close();                             } catch (IOException e) {                                      e.printStackTrace();                             }                    }          }

 

上传文件：

客户端：        

public class UpClient {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    Socket s = null;                    try {                             s = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9998);                             FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("G:\\PDF教程\\CoreJava笔记.pdf");                             BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());                             byte b [] =newbyte[1024];                             intlen;                             while((len = fis.read(b))!=-1) {                                      bos.write(b,0,b.length);                             }                             bos.flush();                             s.shutdownOutput();                             fis.close();                             bos.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }finally{                             try {                                      s.close();                             } catch (IOException e) {                                      e.printStackTrace();                             }                    }          }

服务端：

public class UpServer {          public static void main(String[] args) {                    ServerSocket ss = null;                    try {                             ss = new ServerSocket(9998);                             while(true) {                                      Socket s = ss.accept();                                      System.out.println(s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"已连接");                                      BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(s.getInputStream());                                      BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("G:\\AKD-73617405806.pdf"));                                      byte[] b =newbyte[1024];                                      intlen = 0;                                      while((len=bis.read(b))!=-1) {                                                bos.write(b,0,b.length);                                      }                                      bos.flush();                             }                    } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                    }finally {                             try {                                      ss.close();                             } catch (IOException e) {                                      e.printStackTrace();                             }                    }          }   }

Java.net.URL：

类 URL 代表一个统一资源定位符，它是指向互联网“资源”的指针。资源可以是简单的文件或目录，也可以是对更为复杂的对象的引用，例如对数据库或搜索引擎的查询。

URI的范围要比URL范围大。

方法摘要：

返回一个   URLConnection   对象，它表示到   URL   所引用的远程对象的连接。 openConnection方法：

每次调用此 URL 的协议处理程序的 openConnection 方法都打开一个新的连接。

如果 URL 的协议（例如，HTTP 或 JAR）存在属于以下包或其子包之一的公共、专用 URLConnection 子类：java.lang、java.io、java.util、java.net，返回的连接将为该子类的类型。例如，对于 HTTP，将返回 HttpURLConnection，对于 JAR，将返回 JarURLConnection。

public class UrlTest {          public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {                    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");                    URLConnection uc = url.openConnection();                    System.out.println(uc);                    InputStream in = uc.getInputStream();                    byte b[] = new byte[1024];                    in.read(b);                    System.out.print(new String(b,0,b.length));          } }