Objective-C开发之----NSString常用方法

NSString 

--实例化方法-------------- 
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] init]; 
NSString *str = [[[NSString alloc] init] autorelease]; 

注意：在NSString 中存在自己的实例化和初始化的方法 例如： 
NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding]; 
NSString *str2 = [NSString alloc] initWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding〕； 
str1和str2两个对象是相同的。 

--NSStringEncoding 中常用的字符编码---------------- 
NSASCIIStringEncoding 
NSUTF8StringEncoding 
NSUnicodeStringEncoding 

--NSString创建实例---------------- 
带“@”符号的方法只能定义含有英文和数字的NSString实例,例如: 
NSString *str = "Hello money~"; 
--生成含有中文的NSString方法------------- 
//此方法自动释放内存 
+ (id)stringWithCString:(const char*)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding; 
//进行alloc后进行初始化 
- (id)initWithCString:(const char*)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding; 
例如: 
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithCString:"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; 

--使用格式创建字符串------------- 
+ (id)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format... 
- (id)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format... 
例如： 
NSString *str = "hello"; 
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ world",str]; 
NSLog(string); 结果：hello world 
--常用的替换符-------------- 
%@ NSString实例 
%d,%D,%i 整数 
%u,%U 无符号整数 
%x 将无符号整数以十六进制小写字母显示 
%X 将无符号整数以十六进制大写字母显示 
%f 小数 
%c 字符 
%s C语言字符串 
%% 显示％字符本身 

-------------------------- 
NSRange 

--NSRange的定义 
typedef struct _NSRange 
{ 
unsigned int location; 
unsigned int length; 
}NSRange; 

NSMakeRange函数 
－－这个函数比较特殊 返回一个NSRange的对象。 
NSMakeRanger(unsigned int location,unsigned int length); 
例如： 
NSRange range = NSMakeRanger(0,5); 
NSLog(@"location is %d,length is %d",range.location,range.length); 

--------------------------- 
计算字符串长度 
- (unsigned int)length; 

--------------------------- 
字符串连接，插入和删除 
1、连接 
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)string; 
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format...; 
例如： 
NSString *str1 = @"hello"; 
NSString *str2 = @"world"; 
NSString *str3 = [str1 stringByAppendingString:str2]; 
NSString *str4 = [str2 stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d...%d",10,20]; 
str4 --> world 10...20 

----------------- 
NSMutableString的生成 
NSString + (id)string; //生成空字符串的实例 
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)string; //带自动释放内存 
- (id)initWithString:(NSString *)string; 
例如: 
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"hello"]; 
2、追加字符串 
NSMutableString 
+ (void)appendString:(NSString *)string; 
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format...; 
例如： 
NSMutableString string = [NSMutableString string]; 
[string appendString:@"hello"]; 
[string appendString:@"money"]; 
[string appendString:@" and world"]; 

3、插入字符串 
NSMutableString 
+ (void)insertString:(NSString *)string atIndex:(unsigned)index; 
从index位置插入字符串 
例如： 
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac X"]; 
[string insertString:@"OS" atIndex:4]; 
string --> Mac OS X 
4、删除字符串 
NSMutableString 
+ (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range; 
例如： 
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac os"]; 
[string deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRanger(0,1)]; 
NSLog(string); 
string -->ac os; 
5、字符串比较 
NSString 
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)string; 
6、比较前置串和后置串 
NSString 
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)string; 
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)string; 
例如: 
NSString *str1 = @"Mac OS"; 
NSString *str2 = @"Mac Pro"; 
BOOL flag; 
flag = [str1 hasPrefix:@"Mac"]; YES 
flag = [str2 hasSuffix:@"OS"]; NO 
7、字符串检索 
NSString 
//如果找到就返回范围，否则NSRange的location项被设置为NSNotFound 
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString; 
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask; 
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask range:(NSRange)range; 
－－－－－mask常用选项列表 
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch 不区分字母大小写 
NSLiteralSearch 对字符串进行字节单位的比较，一般可提高检索速度 
NSBackwardsSearch 从范围的末尾开始检索 
NSAnchoredSearch 仅检索制定范围的前部。忽略字符串中间的检索字符 
例如： 
NSString *string = @"hello world"; 
NSRange range = [string rangeOfString:@"he"]; 
if(range.location != NSNotFound) 
{ 
NSLog(@" location=%d,length=%d",range.location,range.length); 
} 
8、截取字符串 
NSString 
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(unsigned)index; //返回字符串开头至index位的字符串 不包含索引位 
- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(unsigned)index; //返回字符串第index位至末尾的字符串 包含索引位 
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range; //返回字符串中范围range内的字符串 包含索引位 
例如： 
NSString *string = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5,2)]; 
9、读取文本文件 
NSString 
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error //自动释放内存 

- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error 

例如： 
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"/user/test/yw.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; 
if(string){} 
10、输出文本文件 
NSString 
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error 
//参数 atomically 暂时将文件保存到辅助文件中 
//path 
The file to which to write the receiver. If path contains a tilde (~) character, you must expand it withstringByExpandingTildeInPath before invoking this method. 
----下面是网上找的例子 感谢 @chenshizero 
//扩展路径 
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt"; 
NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; 
NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath); 
NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]); 

//文件扩展名 
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt"; 
NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);