CASE
可能是 SQL 中被误用最多的关键字之一。虽然你可能以前用过这个关键字来创建字段,但是它还具有更多用法。例如,你可以在
WHERE
子句中使用
CASE
。
首先让我们看一下 CASE 的语法。在一般的 SELECT 中,其语法如下:
SELECT < myColumnSpec > =
CASE
WHEN < A > THEN < somethingA >
WHEN < B > THEN < somethingB >
ELSE < somethingE >
END
在上面的代码中需要用具体的参数代替尖括号中的内容。下面是一个简单的例子:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
Title,
' Price Range ' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
这是 CASE 的典型用法,但是使用 CASE 其实可以做更多的事情。比方说下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE :
SELECT ' Number of Titles ' , Count ( * )
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END
GO
你甚至还可以组合这些选项,添加一个 ORDER BY 子句,如下所示:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END AS Range,
Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END ,
Title
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END ,
Title
GO
注意,为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE ,查询语句需要在 GROUP BY 块中重复 SELECT 块中的 CASE 块。
除了选择自定义字段之外,在很多情况下 CASE 都非常有用。再深入一步,你还可以得到你以前认为不可能得到的分组排序结果集。
首先让我们看一下 CASE 的语法。在一般的 SELECT 中,其语法如下:
SELECT < myColumnSpec > =
CASE
WHEN < A > THEN < somethingA >
WHEN < B > THEN < somethingB >
ELSE < somethingE >
END
在上面的代码中需要用具体的参数代替尖括号中的内容。下面是一个简单的例子:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
Title,
' Price Range ' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
这是 CASE 的典型用法,但是使用 CASE 其实可以做更多的事情。比方说下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE :
SELECT ' Number of Titles ' , Count ( * )
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END
GO
你甚至还可以组合这些选项,添加一个 ORDER BY 子句,如下所示:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END AS Range,
Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END ,
Title
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN ' Unpriced '
WHEN price < 10 THEN ' Bargain '
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN ' Average '
ELSE ' Gift to impress relatives '
END ,
Title
GO
注意,为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE ,查询语句需要在 GROUP BY 块中重复 SELECT 块中的 CASE 块。
除了选择自定义字段之外,在很多情况下 CASE 都非常有用。再深入一步,你还可以得到你以前认为不可能得到的分组排序结果集。