rabbitmq学习笔记5 ： 发布订阅模式 Publish/Subscribe

一、概念和模型

• 发布订阅模式，同一条信息发送给多个消费者。该模式是通过加入路由得以实现的，消息生产者将信息发送到管道，管道将消息发送给与之绑定的队列，然后消费者从相应的队列中获取消息并进行处理。场景可用于微信公众号等功能。

      

  

二、Java代码实现

• 创建MQ连接工具类

public class RabbitmqUntil {
    //获取连接
    public static Connection getRabbitmqConnection() throws Exception{
        //定义连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //设置服务地址
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        //设置端口（这里的端口号指定是AMQP协议所用的端口号）
        factory.setPort(5672);
        //设置数据库
        factory.setVirtualHost("/test");
        //设置用户名
        factory.setUsername("test");
        //设置密码
        factory.setPassword("test");
        return factory.newConnection();
    }
}

• 创建消息生产者

public class PublishSender {
    //路由名称
    public static final String ROUNTING_NAME="publish rounting";

    public static void sendMessage()throws Exception{
        //1、获取连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //2、创建通道
        Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();

        //3、创建路由（参数1：路由名称；参数2：模式名称，fanout表示发布订阅模式）
        channel.exchangeDeclare(ROUNTING_NAME,"fanout");

        //4、设置每次发送信息不超过1条
        channel.basicQos(1);

        String message="hello ,I am Publish/Subscribe";

        //5、发布消息
        channel.basicPublish(ROUNTING_NAME,"",null,message.getBytes());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        PublishSender.sendMessage();
    }
}

注：创建路由时channel.exchangeDeclare(ROUNTING_NAME,"fanout");第二个参数必须是“fanout”，表示该模式为发布订阅模式

• 消费者一

public class publishReceiver1 {

    //路由名称名称
    public static final String ROUNTING_NAME="publish rounting";
    //队列名称
    public static final String PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU="publish rounting queue1";

    public static void receiveMessage() throws Exception{
        //1、创建连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //2、获取通道
        final Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();
        //3、定义队列
        channel.queueDeclare(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,true,false,false,null);
        //4、设置每次处理信息不超过1条
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //5、将路由和队列进行绑定
        channel.queueBind(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,ROUNTING_NAME,"");
        //6、定义消费用户
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try{
                    System.out.println("消费者1："+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };
        //7、监听队列消息
        channel.basicConsume(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,false,defaultConsumer);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        publishReceiver1.receiveMessage();
    }
}

• 消费者二

public class publishReceiver2 {

    //路由名称名称
    public static final String ROUNTING_NAME="publish rounting";
    //队列名称
    public static final String PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU="publish rounting queue2";

    public static void receiveMessage() throws Exception{
        //1、创建连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //2、获取通道
        final Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();
        //3、定义队列
        channel.queueDeclare(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,true,false,false,null);
        //4、设置每次处理信息不超过1条
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //5、将路由和队列进行绑定
        channel.queueBind(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,ROUNTING_NAME,"");
        //6、定义消费用户
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try{
                    System.out.println("消费者2："+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };
        //7、监听队列消息
        channel.basicConsume(PUBLISH_ROUNTING_QUEQU,false,defaultConsumer);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        publishReceiver2.receiveMessage();
    }
}

注：第5步将路由器与队列进行绑定，这样消费者就可以丛对应的队列中获取到信息

• 运行三个类的main方法后，可以看到消费者都可以接受到消息，并且在rabbitmq控制台可以看到路由器与队列的关系

 

注：路由器没有存储功能，所以在没有与之绑定的队列之前，执行发送消息，数据会丢失。