rabbitmq学习笔记7 ： 主题模式 topics

一、概念和模型

• 主题模式，基于通配符的方式，将一个消息推送给不同消费者。
• 通配符有*和#，*表示匹配一个单词，#表示匹配一个或多个单词，单词之间通过‘.’进行区分。如消息发送者的routing-key为log.error，那么消费者绑定routing-key为log.#或log.*时，都可以接收到发送的信息。但消息发送者的routing-key为log.error.out_of_memory时，只有routing-key为log.#的消费者能接受到消息。

   

 

 

二、Java代码实现（发送者发送两条消息，routing-key，分别为log.error、log.error,memory；两个接受者绑定的routing-key分别为log.#,log.*）

• 创建MQ连接工具类

public class RabbitmqUntil {
    //获取连接
    public static Connection getRabbitmqConnection() throws Exception{
        //定义连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        //设置服务地址
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        //设置端口（这里的端口号指定是AMQP协议所用的端口号）
        factory.setPort(5672);
        //设置数据库
        factory.setVirtualHost("/test");
        //设置用户名
        factory.setUsername("test");
        //设置密码
        factory.setPassword("test");
        return factory.newConnection();
    }
}

• 发送者发布两条消息，routing-key分别为log.error、log.error.memory

public class TopicsSender {
    final static String ROUTING_NAME="topics mode";
    public static void sendMessage()throws Exception{
        //1、获取连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //2、创建通道
        Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();
        //3、创建路由（参数1：路由名称；参数2：模式名称，direct表示路由模式，路由模式发布消息需要绑定routing-key）
        channel.exchangeDeclare(ROUTING_NAME,"topic");
        //4、设置每次发送信息不超过1条
        channel.basicQos(1);

        String message="hello ,I am error";
        String routingKey ="log.error";
        //5、发布消息（这里需要绑定routingKey）
        channel.basicPublish(ROUTING_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());

        message="hello ,I am error of out of memory";
        routingKey ="log.error.out_of_memory";
        channel.basicPublish(ROUTING_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        TopicsSender.sendMessage();
    }
}

注：channel.exchangeDeclare(ROUTING_NAME,"topic"),direct表示主题模式

• 消费者1，接受routing-key为log.#的消息

public class TopicsReceiver1 {
    //路由名称
    public static final String ROUTING_NAME="topics mode";
    //队列名称
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE="topics queue1";

    public static void receiveMessage() throws Exception{
        //创建连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //获取通道
        final Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();
        //申明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTING_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        //申明每次处理一条数据
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //绑定路由(并且指定routing-key为error、warning)
        channel.queueBind(ROUTING_QUEUE,ROUTING_NAME,"log.#");

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try{
                    System.out.println("主题模式消费者1："+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        channel.basicConsume(ROUTING_QUEUE,false,consumer);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        TopicsReceiver1.receiveMessage();
    }
}

• 消费者2，接受routing-key为log.*的消息

public class TopicsReceiver2 {
    //路由名称
    public static final String ROUTING_NAME="topics mode";
    //队列名称
    public static final String ROUTING_QUEUE="topics queue2";

    public static void receiveMessage() throws Exception{
        //创建连接
        Connection rabbitmqConnection = RabbitmqUntil.getRabbitmqConnection();
        //获取通道
        final Channel channel = rabbitmqConnection.createChannel();
        //申明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(ROUTING_QUEUE,true,false,false,null);
        //申明每次处理一条数据
        channel.basicQos(1);
        //绑定路由(并且指定routing-key为error、warning)
        channel.queueBind(ROUTING_QUEUE,ROUTING_NAME,"log.*");

        DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                try{
                    System.out.println("主题模式消费者2："+new String(body,"utf-8"));
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        channel.basicConsume(ROUTING_QUEUE,false,consumer);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        TopicsReceiver2.receiveMessage();
    }
}

注：绑定多个routing-key，只要对队列进行多次绑定即可channel.queueBind()

• 执行上面三个类，可以看到消费者2只接收到‘hello ,I am error’这条消息，而消费者1两条都接收到