mysql读写分离实现

一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:

·                     应用程序client

·                     databaseproxy

·                     database集群

在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:


实战步骤与详解

一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境

1)分别在host1(10.20.147.110)和host2(10.20.147.111)上安装mysql(5.0.45),具体安装方法可见官方文档

2)配置master

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

log-bin=mysql-bin#slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库

然后添加专门用于replication的用户:

mysql> GRANTREPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@10.20.147.111 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';

重启mysql,使得配置生效:

/etc/init.d/mysqldrestart

最后查看master状态:

3)配置slave

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:

server-id=2 #slave的标示

配置生效后,配置与master的连接:

mysql> CHANGEMASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;

其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息

最后启动slave:

mysql> startslave;

4)验证master-slave搭建生效

通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):

100703 10:51:42[Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@10.20.147.110:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261

如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因

二.搭建database proxy

此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述

1)安装amoeba

下载amoeba(1.2.0-GA)后解压到本地(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安装

2)配置amoeba

先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\amoeba.xml):

1.                 <server>  

2.                     <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->  

3.                     <property name="port">8066</property>  

4.                       

5.                     <!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->  

6.                     <!--  

7.                     <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> 

8.                      -->  

9.                     <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->  

10.                  <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>  

11.                    

12.                  <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->  

13.                  <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  

14.                    

15.                  <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->  

16.                  <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  

17.                    

18.                  <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  -->  

19.                  <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>  

20.                    

21.                  <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->  

22.                  <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>  

23.                    

24.                  <!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->  

25.                  <property name="user">root</property>  

26.                    

27.                  <!-- 对外验证的密码 -->  

28.                  <property name="password">root</property>  

29.              </server>  

以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置

1.                 <dbServerList>  

2.                     <dbServer name="server1">           

3.                         <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  

4.                         <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  

5.                             <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  

6.                               

7.                             <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  

8.                             <property name="port">3306</property>  

9.                               

10.                          <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  

11.                          <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>  

12.                          <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  

13.                            

14.                          <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  

15.                          <property name="user">root</property>  

16.                            

17.                          <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  

18.                          <property name="password"></property>  

19.                            

20.                      </factoryConfig>  

21.                        

22.                      <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  

23.                      <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  

24.                          <property name="maxActive">200</property>  

25.                          <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  

26.                          <property name="minIdle">10</property>  

27.                          <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  

28.                          <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  

29.                          <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  

30.                          <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  

31.                      </poolConfig>  

32.                  </dbServer>  

33.                  <dbServer name="server2">  

34.                        

35.                      <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  

36.                      <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  

37.                          <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  

38.                            

39.                          <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  

40.                          <property name="port">3306</property>  

41.                            

42.                          <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  

43.                          <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>  

44.                          <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  

45.                            

46.                          <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  

47.                          <property name="user">root</property>  

48.                            

49.                          <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  

50.                          <property name="password"></property>  

51.                            

52.                      </factoryConfig>  

53.                        

54.                      <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  

55.                      <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  

56.                          <property name="maxActive">200</property>  

57.                          <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  

58.                          <property name="minIdle">10</property>  

59.                          <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  

60.                          <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  

61.                          <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  

62.                          <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  

63.                      </poolConfig>  

64.                  </dbServer>         

65.              </dbServerList>  


以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了

最后配置读写分离策略:

1.                 <queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">  

2.                     <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>  

3.                     <property name="defaultPool">server1</property>  

4.                     <property name="writePool">server1</property>  

5.                     <property name="readPool">server2</property>  

6.                     <property name="needParse">true</property>  

7.                 </queryRouter>  

从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)

3)启动amoeba

在命令行里运行D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\amoeba.bat即可:

log4j:WARN log4jconfig load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed fromfile:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Serverlistening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试

1)编写client调用程序

具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序

2)配置数据库连接

本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:

1.                 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"  

2.                     destroy-method="close">  

3.                     <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />  

4.                     <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />  

5.                     <property name="user" value="root" />  

6.                     <property name="password" value="root" />  

7.                     <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />  

8.                     <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />  

9.                     <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />  

10.                  <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />  

11.                  <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />  

12.                  <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />  

13.                  <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />  

14.                  <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />  

15.                  <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />  

16.                  <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />  

17.                  <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />  

18.                  <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />  

19.              </bean>  

值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息

3)调用与测试

首先插入一条数据:insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

10070311:58:42       1Query       set names latin1
                     1 Query       SET NAMES latin1
                     1 Query       SET character_set_results = NULL
                     1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES
                     1 Query       SHOW COLLATION
                     1 Query       SET autocommit=1
                     1 Query       SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
                     1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
                     1 Query       SHOW FULL TABLES FROM`amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
                     1 Prepare     [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(?,?)
                     1 Prepare     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(?,?)          
                     1 Execute     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(20003,'name_20003')

得知写操作发生在master机上

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

10070311:58:42       2Query       insert into zone_by_id(id,name)values(20003,'name_20003')

得知slave同步执行了这条语句

然后查一条数据:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:

10070312:02:00      33Query       set names latin1
                    33 Prepare     [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = ?
                    33 Prepare     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = ?   
                    33 Execute     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t wheret.id = 20003 

得知读操作发生在slave机上

并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行

通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效

 

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