Tomcat中web.xml中url-pattern的配置详解

在配置tomcat的web.xml文件的时候，对于servlet的匹配，通常会有以下几种写法：

• <url-pattern>/exact.do</url-pattern>  
• <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
• <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

那这几种写法有何不同呢？

主要是tomcat在启动的时候会扫描web.xml文件，然后得到servlet的映射数据servletMappings，然后会调用Context(实现类为StandardContext)

的addServletMapping方法。

路径会分为：

 1）以 /* 结尾的。 path.endsWith("/*")， 对应的Servlet会被丢到wildcardWrappers中

 2） 以 *. 开头的。 path.startsWith("*.")，会被丢到extensionWrappers中

 3）是否是 /。path.equals("/")，/ 会被丢到defaultWrapper中

 4） 以上3种之外的。 其他的映射都被丢到exactWrappers中

用户请求过来的时候会调用mapper的internalMapWrapper方法，对于匹配规则，有优先级。

// Rule 1 -- Exact Match
        Wrapper[] exactWrappers = contextVersion.exactWrappers;
        internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData);

        // Rule 2 -- Prefix Match
        boolean checkJspWelcomeFiles = false;
        Wrapper[] wildcardWrappers = contextVersion.wildcardWrappers;
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
            internalMapWildcardWrapper(wildcardWrappers, contextVersion.nesting,
                                       path, mappingData);
            .....
        }

        ....// Rule 3 -- Extension Match
        Wrapper[] extensionWrappers = contextVersion.extensionWrappers;
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) {
            internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path, mappingData,
                    true);
        }

        // Rule 4 -- Welcome resources processing for servlets
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
            boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles;
            if (!checkWelcomeFiles) {
                char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
                checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/');
            }
            if (checkWelcomeFiles) {
                for (int i = 0; (i < contextVersion.welcomeResources.length)
                         && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) {
                    ...// Rule 4a -- Welcome resources processing for exact macth
                    internalMapExactWrapper(exactWrappers, path, mappingData);

                    // Rule 4b -- Welcome resources processing for prefix match
                    if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
                        internalMapWildcardWrapper
                            (wildcardWrappers, contextVersion.nesting,
                             path, mappingData);
                    }

                    // Rule 4c -- Welcome resources processing
                    //            for physical folder
                    if (mappingData.wrapper == null
                        && contextVersion.resources != null) {
                        Object file = null;
                        String pathStr = path.toString();
                        try {
                            file = contextVersion.resources.lookup(pathStr);
                        } catch(NamingException nex) {
                            // Swallow not found, since this is normal
                        }
                        if (file != null && !(file instanceof DirContext) ) {
                            internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path,
                                                        mappingData, true);
                            if (mappingData.wrapper == null
                                && contextVersion.defaultWrapper != null) {
                                mappingData.wrapper =
                                    contextVersion.defaultWrapper.object;
                                mappingData.requestPath.setChars
                                    (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(),
                                     path.getLength());
                                mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars
                                    (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(),
                                     path.getLength());
                                mappingData.requestPath.setString(pathStr);
                                mappingData.wrapperPath.setString(pathStr);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                path.setOffset(servletPath);
                path.setEnd(pathEnd);
            }

        }

        /* welcome file processing - take 2
         * Now that we have looked for welcome files with a physical
         * backing, now look for an extension mapping listed
         * but may not have a physical backing to it. This is for
         * the case of index.jsf, index.do, etc.
         * A watered down version of rule 4
         */
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null) {
            boolean checkWelcomeFiles = checkJspWelcomeFiles;
            if (!checkWelcomeFiles) {
                char[] buf = path.getBuffer();
                checkWelcomeFiles = (buf[pathEnd - 1] == '/');
            }
            if (checkWelcomeFiles) {
                for (int i = 0; (i < contextVersion.welcomeResources.length)
                         && (mappingData.wrapper == null); i++) {
                    path.setOffset(pathOffset);
                    path.setEnd(pathEnd);
                    path.append(contextVersion.welcomeResources[i], 0,
                                contextVersion.welcomeResources[i].length());
                    path.setOffset(servletPath);
                    internalMapExtensionWrapper(extensionWrappers, path,
                                                mappingData, false);
                }

                path.setOffset(servletPath);
                path.setEnd(pathEnd);
            }
        }


        // Rule 7 -- Default servlet
        if (mappingData.wrapper == null && !checkJspWelcomeFiles) {
            if (contextVersion.defaultWrapper != null) {
                mappingData.wrapper = contextVersion.defaultWrapper.object;
                mappingData.requestPath.setChars
                    (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength());
                mappingData.wrapperPath.setChars
                    (path.getBuffer(), path.getStart(), path.getLength());
            }
            ...
        }

结论：“/”的优先级最低，所以资源基本会被匹配到。而“/*”优先级较高，容易出现404错误。

备注：文章内容部分来自：http://www.cnblogs.com/fangjian0423/p/servletContainer-tomcat-urlPattern.html#springmvc