tomcat启动命令
安装tomcat之后,设置CATALINA_HOME=tomcat的安装目录,比如安装在c:/tomcat，那么CATALINA_HOME=c:/tomcat，添加路径到path环境变量，%CATALINA_HOME%/bin，然后打开控制台，进入tomcat的bin目录，这儿有tomcat的启动脚本，startup.bat启动tomcat，shutdown.bat关闭tomcat。我是在windows下做的调试，如果在linux/unix下，相应的启动脚本为startup.sh和shutdown.sh。
tomcat启动脚本解说
用文本编辑器打开startup.bat,你会看到如下，内容：
@echo off if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Start script for the CATALINA Server rem rem $Id: startup.bat,v 1.6 2004/05/27 18:25:11 yoavs Exp $ rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined set CURRENT_DIR=%cd% if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR% if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome cd .. set CATALINA_HOME=%cd% cd %CURRENT_DIR% :gotHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto end :okHome set EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat rem Check that target executable exists if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec echo Cannot find %EXECUTABLE% echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okExec rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS% :end
第一段,内容如下，先设置好变量CATALINA_HOME，然后判断是否存在脚本文件"%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat",如果找不到该文件，那么退出脚本的执行，提示设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量，这就是我们在安装tomcat后，要设置环境变量CATALINA_HOME的原因。
@echo off if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Start script for the CATALINA Server rem rem $Id: startup.bat,v 1.6 2004/05/27 18:25:11 yoavs Exp $ rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined set CURRENT_DIR=%cd% if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR% if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome cd .. set CATALINA_HOME=%cd% cd %CURRENT_DIR% :gotHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto end :okHome set EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat第二段，内容如下，用EXECUTABLE脚本指向的脚本文件，执行启动命令，传入参数start，既进入启动脚本catalina.bat的执行。
rem Check that target executable exists if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec echo Cannot find %EXECUTABLE% echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okExec rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS% :endcatalina.bat内容如下：
@echo off if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server rem rem Environment Variable Prequisites rem rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory. rem rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to. rem rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", rem "stop", or "run" command is executed. rem rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to rem %CATALINA_BASE%/temp. rem rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation. rem rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start", rem "stop", or "run" command is executed. rem rem JSSE_HOME (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension rem (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the rem system class path used to start Tomcat. rem rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start" rem command is executed. The default is "dt_shmem". rem rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start" rem command is executed. The default is "jdbconn". rem rem $Id: catalina.bat,v 1.9.2.2 2004/09/23 20:17:14 yoavs Exp $ rem --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined set CURRENT_DIR=%cd% if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR% if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome cd .. set CATALINA_HOME=%cd% cd %CURRENT_DIR% :gotHome if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat" goto okHome echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly echo This environment variable is needed to run this program goto end :okHome rem Get standard environment variables if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setenv.bat" rem Get standard Java environment variables if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath echo Cannot find %CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat echo This file is needed to run this program goto end :okSetclasspath set BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME% call "%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/setclasspath.bat" rem Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH if "%JSSE_HOME%" == "" goto noJsse set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jcert.jar;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jnet.jar;%JSSE_HOME%/lib/jsse.jar :noJsse set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%/bin/bootstrap.jar if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase set CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME% :gotBase if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir set CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%/temp :gotTmpdir rem ----- Execute The Requested Command --------------------------------------- echo Using CATALINA_BASE: %CATALINA_BASE% echo Using CATALINA_HOME: %CATALINA_HOME% echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: %CATALINA_TMPDIR% echo Using JAVA_HOME: %JAVA_HOME% set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA% set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap set ACTION=start set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE= set DEBUG_OPTS= set JPDA= if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda set JPDA=jpda if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_shmem :gotJpdaTransport if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress set JPDA_ADDRESS=jdbconn :gotJpdaAddress shift :noJpda if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion echo Usage: catalina ( commands ... ) echo commands: echo debug Start Catalina in a debugger echo debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager echo jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger echo run Start Catalina in the current window echo run -security Start in the current window with security manager echo start Start Catalina in a separate window echo start -security Start in a separate window with security manager echo stop Stop Catalina echo version What version of tomcat are you running? goto end :doDebug shift set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB% set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share" if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy goto execCmd :doRun shift if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy goto execCmd :doStart shift if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle set _EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" %_RUNJAVA% goto gotTitle :noTitle set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA% :gotTitle if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd shift echo Using Security Manager set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%/conf/catalina.policy goto execCmd :doStop shift set ACTION=stop goto execCmd :doVersion %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%/server/lib/catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo goto end :execCmd rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the set CMD_LINE_ARGS= :setArgs if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1 shift goto setArgs :doneSetArgs rem Execute Java with the applicable properties if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurity %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doJpda if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=n %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :doSecurityJpda %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=n %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION% goto end :end解释，1。再次验证catalina.bat；2。调用setclasspath.bat设置java虚拟机相关的环境变量，所以在运行tomcat的前，一定要先安装jdk，并设置好JAVA_HOME环境变量；3。设置启动程序，添加CLASSPATH，bootstrap.jar，和启动类org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap；4。最后执行虚拟机，运行tomcat。运行tomcat的参数行为%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%，在我的电脑上调试，将所有的变量内容转译出来，执行的命令即为：start "Tomcat" "C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/bin/java" -Djava.endorsed.dirs="C:/Tomcat 5.0/common/endorsed" -classpath "C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/lib/tools.jar;C:/Tomcat 5.0/bin/bootstrap.jar" -Dcatalina.base="C:/Tomcat 5.0" -Dcatalina.home="C:/Tomcat 5.0" -Djava.io.tmpdir="C:/Tomcat 5.0/temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
在该命令中，start "Tomcat"是在控制态打开一个新的窗口，然后运行java虚拟机C:/j2sdk1.4.2_15/bin/java,现在大家应该明白了，tomcat是从bootstrap.jar中的org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap类的main函数开始启动运行，并且传入了start参数。-D开始的都是虚拟机的运行参数。
用winrar打开bootstrap.jar打开，在META-INF目录下打开MANIFEST.MF，你会看到如下内容： Manifest-Version: 1.0 Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.6.1 Created-By: 1.4.2-b28 (Sun Microsystems Inc.) Main-Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap Specification-Title: Catalina Specification-Version: 1.0 Class-Path: jmx.jar commons-daemon.jar commons-logging-api.jar 指定了该jar包从那个类开始运行，依赖那些jar包。
结论
通过对脚本的研究，我们应该知道，tomcat从那儿开始运行，只有有了运行的线索，那么我们就可以从头开始调试tomcat源代码。调试tomcat源代码的准备工作，从www.apache.org上下载相应版本，带源代码的安装程序，并安装。
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