unix下fifo编程实践

fifo是一个先进先出队列，需要用mkfifo函数创建一个文件，服务端和客户端分别用读写打开这个文件，然后服务端用文件描述符写数据，客户端用文件描述符读数据。其实就是两个程序同事打开一个文件，一个往文件写，一个从文件读。

示例一：

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <time.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char fileName[]="/home/dev/abcdefg"; int ret = 0; time_t curtime; struct tm* pTime;//记录时间的变量 ret = access(fileName, F_OK); if(ret == 0) { printf("警告:文件%s已存在./n", fileName); printf("删除文件%s........................../n", fileName); if(unlink(fileName) != 0) { //删除已经存在文件失败 printf("警告:删除文件%s失败/n", fileName); return -1; } } ret = mkfifo(fileName, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP); if(ret != 0) { printf("调用mkfifo错误:%s/n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } int rfp; int wfp; int len; if (fork() > 0) {//父进程,写进程 wfp = open(fileName, O_WRONLY);//以写方式打fifo开文件 char *buf = NULL; buf = new char[30]; printf("父进程开始写数据 write........../n"); len = 5; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { memset(buf, 0, 30); memcpy(&buf[sizeof(len)], "hello", len); memcpy(buf,&len, sizeof(len)); write(wfp, buf, 5+sizeof(len)); } delete []buf; buf = NULL; printf("父进程写数据完成......./n"); sleep(10); time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); printf("关闭打开的fifo文件描述符/n"); close(wfp); sleep(5); time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); printf("父进程结束=================/n"); } else { //子进程以读方式打开fifo文件 rfp = open(fileName, O_RDONLY); int row_size = 0; char *buf = NULL; buf = new char[30]; printf("子进程开始读 read------------------------/n"); int readsize = 0; while (1) { memset(buf, 0, 30); readsize = read(rfp, buf, sizeof(int)); fprintf(stderr, "01-readsize=%d/n", readsize); if (!readsize) { time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); fprintf(stderr, "01-out while./n"); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } memcpy(&row_size, buf, sizeof(row_size)); if (!row_size) { fprintf(stderr, "row_size=%d/n",row_size); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } fprintf(stderr, "[read]row_size=%d/n", row_size); readsize = read(rfp, buf, row_size); fprintf(stderr, "02-readsize=%d/n", readsize); if (!readsize) { fprintf(stderr, "02-out while./n"); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } fprintf(stderr, "[read]buf=%s/n", buf); } delete []buf; buf = NULL; ret = close(rfp); printf("first-ret=%d/n", ret); ret = close(rfp); printf("second-ret=%d/n", ret); } exit(0); }

根据打印的时间可以知道，fifo需要至少两个以上的程序同事运行，一个用写方式打开fifo文件，一个以读方式打开fifo文件。

当用写方式打开fifo文件的时候，进程堵塞，知道有程序用读方式打开fifo文件为止，这样标志两个程序建立了服务端<->客户端模式的链接，可以进行读写数据操作了。当服务端在写完数据之后，关闭文件描述符，这时客户端收到一个消息，读出0个字符，退出客户端进程，这样客户端和服务端都退出了运行。

 

示例二：

服务端代码fifoserver.cpp

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <time.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char fileName[]="/home/dev/abcdefg"; int ret = 0; time_t curtime; struct tm* pTime;//记录时间的变量 ret = access(fileName, F_OK); if(ret == 0) { printf("警告:文件%s已存在./n", fileName); printf("删除文件%s........................../n", fileName); if(unlink(fileName) != 0) { //删除已经存在文件失败 printf("警告:删除文件%s失败/n", fileName); return -1; } } ret = mkfifo(fileName, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP); if(ret != 0) { printf("调用mkfifo错误:%s/n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } int rfp; int wfp; int len; wfp = open(fileName, O_WRONLY);//以写方式打fifo开文件 char *buf = NULL; buf = new char[30]; printf("父进程开始写数据 write........../n"); len = 5; for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { memset(buf, 0, 30); memcpy(&buf[sizeof(len)], "hello", len); memcpy(buf,&len, sizeof(len)); write(wfp, buf, 5+sizeof(len)); } delete []buf; buf = NULL; printf("父进程写数据完成......./n"); sleep(10); time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); printf("关闭打开的fifo文件描述符/n"); close(wfp); sleep(5); time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); printf("父进程结束=================/n"); return 0; }

客户端代码fiflclient.cpp

#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <time.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { char fileName[]="/home/dev/abcdefg"; int ret = 0; time_t curtime; struct tm* pTime;//记录时间的变量 int rfp; int len; //子进程以读方式打开fifo文件 rfp = open(fileName, O_RDONLY); int row_size = 0; char *buf = NULL; buf = new char[30]; printf("客户进程开始读 read------------------------/n"); int readsize = 0; while (1) { memset(buf, 0, 30); readsize = read(rfp, buf, sizeof(int)); fprintf(stderr, "01-readsize=%d/n", readsize); if (!readsize) { time(&curtime); pTime = localtime(&curtime); printf("当前时间:%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d/n", pTime->tm_year+1900,pTime->tm_mon+1,pTime->tm_mday,pTime->tm_hour,pTime->tm_min,pTime->tm_sec); fprintf(stderr, "01-out while./n"); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } memcpy(&row_size, buf, sizeof(row_size)); if (!row_size) { fprintf(stderr, "row_size=%d/n",row_size); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } fprintf(stderr, "[read]row_size=%d/n", row_size); readsize = read(rfp, buf, row_size); fprintf(stderr, "02-readsize=%d/n", readsize); if (!readsize) { fprintf(stderr, "02-out while./n"); delete []buf; buf = NULL; break; } fprintf(stderr, "[read]buf=%s/n", buf); } delete []buf; buf = NULL; ret = close(rfp); printf("first-ret=%d/n", ret); ret = close(rfp); printf("second-ret=%d/n", ret); return 0; }

不管先运行fifoserver还是fifoclient，都会在open堵塞。

先运行fifoserver，然后运行fifoclient就建立了一条链接，服务端只能有一个，客户端可以有多个。