super(Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. )用来引用父类的方法
格式如下:
super
([type[, object-or-type]])
设计的时候要保障
- the method being called by super() needs to exist
- the caller and callee need to have a matching argument signature
- and every occurrence of the method needs to use super()
对于1
class Root:
def draw(self):
# the delegation chain stops here
assert not hasattr(super(), 'draw')
class Shape(Root):
def __init__(self, shapename, **kwds):
self.shapename = shapename
super().__init__(**kwds)
def draw(self):
print('Drawing. Setting shape to:', self.shapename)
super().draw()
class ColoredShape(Shape):
def __init__(self, color, **kwds):
self.color = color
super().__init__(**kwds)
def draw(self):
print('Drawing. Setting color to:', self.color)
super().draw()
cs = ColoredShape(color='blue', shapename='square')
cs.draw()
对于2
class Shape:
def __init__(self, shapename, **kwds):
self.shapename = shapename
super().__init__(**kwds)
class ColoredShape(Shape):
def __init__(self, color, **kwds):
self.color = color
super().__init__(**kwds)
cs = ColoredShape(color='red', shapename='circle')
整合现有的不能合作的类,设计adapter模式:
class Moveable:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def draw(self):
print('Drawing at position:', self.x, self.y)
# adapter
class MoveableAdapter(Root):
def __init__(self, x, y, **kwds):
self.movable = Moveable(x, y)
super().__init__(**kwds)
def draw(self):
self.movable.draw()
super().draw()
class MovableColoredShape(ColoredShape, MoveableAdapter):
pass
MovableColoredShape(color='red', shapename='triangle',
x=10, y=20).draw()
参考
https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/