printf()和scanf()

GNU关于printf()函数的说明。原来C的printf()也支持参数索引。scanf()还支持字符过滤。

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
    int a=9898;
    printf("%1$d, %1$d, %1$d\n", a);
    char s[100];
    int ret = scanf("%99[0-9]",s);
    if (ret > 0){
        printf("input is: %s\n", s);
    }else{
        printf("Invalid input.\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

printf的格式字符串语法

% [ param-no $] flags width [ . precision ] type conversion

or

% [ param-no $] flags width . * [ param-no $] type conversion

‘%25[1234567890]’

    Matches a string of up to 25 digits.
‘%25[][]’

    Matches a string of up to 25 square brackets.
‘%25[^ \f\n\r\t\v]’

    Matches a string up to 25 characters long that doesn’t contain any 
    of the standard whitespace characters. This is slightly different 
    from ‘%s’, because if the input begins with a whitespace character, 
    ‘%[’ reports a matching failure while ‘%s’ simply discards the initial whitespace.
‘%25[a-z]’

    Matches up to 25 lowercase characters. 
"%a[a-zA-Z0-9] = %a[^\n]\n"

An optional flag character ‘a’ (valid with string conversions only) which requests allocation of a buffer long enough to store the string in. (This is a GNU extension.)