Lintcode63 Search in Rotated Sorted Array II solution 题解

【题目描述】

Follow up for Search in Rotated Sorted Array:What if duplicates are allowed?Would this affect the run-time complexity? How and why?Write a function to determine if a given target is in the array.

跟进“搜索旋转排序数组”,假如有重复元素又将如何?是否会影响运行时间复杂度?如何影响?为何会影响?写出一个函数判断给定的目标值是否出现在数组中。

【题目链接】

www.lintcode.com/en/problem/search-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/

【题目解析】

和这题的第一版本类似,只是可能出现重复数字,而有了重复数字会使问题变得非常复杂。

例如对于数组 1 2 2 2 2 2 3,对第1个2进行翻转后,会得到2 2 2 2 3 1 2,这个数组首尾下标为0和6,得到中间位置的下标为3,于是首尾和中间位置的元素都相同,我们无法判断索要找的数字是在前半段还是在后半段,这种情况下,只能够从头开始以O(n)时间进行一次搜索。

如果不是以上的情况,还是可以按照第一版本的思路进行二分查找。

【参考答案】

www.jiuzhang.com/solutions/search-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/

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Here is a C++ program that constructs a max heap with integers and prints it in the rotated form: ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; // function to swap two integers void swap(int& a, int& b) { int temp = a; a = b; b = temp; } // function to heapify the given vector void heapify(vector<int>& arr, int n, int i) { int largest = i; // initialize largest as root int left = 2*i + 1; // left child index int right = 2*i + 2; // right child index // if left child is larger than root if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest]) largest = left; // if right child is larger than largest so far if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest]) largest = right; // if largest is not root if (largest != i) { // swap the root with largest element swap(arr[i], arr[largest]); // recursively heapify the affected sub-tree heapify(arr, n, largest); } } // function to build max heap void buildMaxHeap(vector<int>& arr, int n) { // start from the last non-leaf node and heapify each node for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) heapify(arr, n, i); } // function to print the heap in the rotated form void printRotatedHeap(vector<int>& arr, int n) { int height = log2(n) + 1; // height of the heap int index = 0; // current index in the heap int spaces = pow(2, height - 1) - 1; // number of spaces before the first element of the current level // print each level of the heap in the rotated form for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) { // print the spaces before the first element of the current level for (int j = 0; j < spaces; j++) cout << " "; // print the elements of the current level for (int j = 0; j < pow(2, i) && index < n; j++) { cout << arr[index++] << " "; // print the spaces between elements of the current level for (int k = 0; k < 2 * spaces + 1; k++) cout << " "; } // move to the next line and adjust the number of spaces for the next level cout << endl; spaces /= 2; } } int main() { int n; cout << "Enter the number of elements: "; cin >> n; vector<int> arr(n); cout << "Enter the elements: "; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> arr[i]; // build max heap buildMaxHeap(arr, n); // print the heap in the rotated form cout << "Max heap in the rotated form:\n"; printRotatedHeap(arr, n); return 0; } ``` In this program, we first define a `swap` function to swap two integers, and a `heapify` function to heapify the sub-tree rooted at a given index `i` in the given vector `arr`. We then define a `buildMaxHeap` function to build the max heap from the given vector `arr`. Finally, we define a `printRotatedHeap` function to print the max heap in the rotated form. In the `main` function, we first read the number of elements and the elements themselves from the user using `cin`. We then build the max heap using `buildMaxHeap` function, and print the heap in the rotated form using `printRotatedHeap` function. The `printRotatedHeap` function uses the height of the heap to determine the number of levels, and the number of spaces before the first element of each level. It then prints each level of the heap in the rotated form, by printing the elements of the level followed by the spaces between elements.

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