Linux中安装Python3_精

安装软件的方式

rpm方法:

安装:

​ rpm -ivh 软件名

卸载:

​ rpm -e 软件名

yum安装方法:

为加速安装速度,设置镜像源为阿里开源镜像(https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror)

设置方式:

1、备份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存

生成缓存

yum makecache

安装:

yum install 软件名 [-y]

卸载

yum remove 软件名

PYthon3安装

1. 安装开发工具包

   # 安装开发工具
   yum groupinstall "development tools" 
   # 装一些依赖包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
   

2. 下载python3压缩包

   # https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-363/ 有下载地址
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 或者在windnows下下载好，拉到linux中
   

3. 解压

   #
   tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 进入到目录
   cd Python-3.6.3
   

4. 源码安装 三步走

   # 配置
   ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 编译
   make
   #安装
   make install
   # 可以合成一步 make && make install
   

5. 如何执行python3

   # 第一种方式 创建软连接
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
   
   # 设置成 /usr/local/python/bin 设置成环境变量
   #通过修改profile文件:
   vim /etc/profile
   export PATH="/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH"	#(注意:等号两边都不能有任何的空格)
   保存，退出，然后运行：
   source /etc/profile
   #即可生效
   

virtualenv 使用

1. 安装

   pip3 install virtualenv
   

2. 创建

   virtualenv –p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 shop
   

3. 激活 让虚拟环境生效

   source /root/shop/bin/activate
   

4. 退出

   deactivate
   

安装ipython

pip3 install ipython

Python简化安装

1. 安装gcc( C编译 )

   yum install gcc
   # 装依赖包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
   

2. 下载python安装包 ( Python官网:https://www.python.org/ftp/ )

   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz
   

3. 解压安装包

   cat -zxvf Python-3.7.1.tgz [路径]
   

4. 源码安装三步

   # 配置
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 编译
   make
   #安装
   make install
   # 可以合成一步 make && make install ( 有时会出错 )
   

5. 设置环境变量

   export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/python/bin/python3.6"
   

   或者

   export PATH="/usr/local/python/bin/python3.6:$PATH"
   

6. 安装虚拟环境

   pip3 install virtualenv 
   # 将virtualenv 添加软连接
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/virtualenv usr/bin
   # 创建虚拟环境
   virtualenv -p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 code
   # 激活虚拟环境
   source /root/code/bin/activate
   # 退出虚拟环境
   deactivate
   

   扩展命令

   切换用户

   su 用户名
   # 回到root
   su
   # 输入密码
   

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3978509/blog/2979030