Python-爬取HTML网页数据
软件环境
- Mac 10.13.1 (17B1003)
- Python 2.7.10
- VSCode 1.18.1
摘要
本文是练手Demo,主要是使用 Beautiful Soup
来爬取网页数据。
Beautiful Soup 介绍
Beautiful Soup提供一些简单的、python式的用来处理导航、搜索、修改分析树等功能。
Beautiful Soup 官方中文文档
特点
- 简单:它是一个工具箱,通过解析文档为用户提供需要抓取的数据
- Beautiful Soup自动将输入文档转换为Unicode编码,输出文档转换为utf-8编码。
Beautiful Soup 的安装
- 安装 pip (如果需要):
sudo easy_install pip
- 安装 Beautiful Soup:
sudo pip install beautifulsoup4
示例
确定获取数据范围
本示例是获取项目列表,打开Chrome的调试栏,找到对应的位置,如下图:
导包
import sys
import json
import urllib2 as HttpUtils
import urllib as UrlUtils
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
获取页面信息(分页)
def gethtml(page):
'获取指定页码的网页数据'
url = 'https://box.xxx.com/Project/List'
values = {
'category': '',
'rate': '',
'range': '',
'page': page
}
data = UrlUtils.urlencode(values)
# 使用 DebugLog
httphandler = HttpUtils.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=1)
httpshandler = HttpUtils.HTTPSHandler(debuglevel=1)
opener = HttpUtils.build_opener(httphandler, httpshandler)
HttpUtils.install_opener(opener)
request = HttpUtils.Request(url + '?' + data)
request.get_method = lambda: 'GET'
try:
response = HttpUtils.urlopen(request, timeout=10)
except HttpUtils.URLError, err:
if hasattr(err, 'code'):
print err.code
if hasattr(err, 'reason'):
print err.reason
return None
else:
print '====== Http request OK ======'
return response.read().decode('utf-8')
TIPS
- urlopen(url, data, timeout)
- url: 请求的 URL
- data: 访问 URL 时要传送的数据
- timeout: 超时时间
- HttpUtils.build_opener(httphandler, httpshandler)
- 开启日志,将会在调试控制台输出网络请求日志,方便调试
- 必要的 try-catch,以便可以捕获到网络异常
解析获取的数据
创建BeautifulSoup对象
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
获取待遍历的对象
# items 是一个 <listiterator object at 0x10a4b9950> 对象,不是一个list,但是可以循环遍历所有子节点。
items = soup.find(attrs={'class':'row'}).children
遍历子节点,解析并获取所需参数
projectList = []
for item in items:
if item == '\n': continue
# 获取需要的数据
title = item.find(attrs={'class': 'title'}).string.strip()
projectId = item.find(attrs={'class': 'subtitle'}).string.strip()
projectType = item.find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-subtitle'}).span.string
percent = item.find(attrs={'class': 'percent'})
state = 'Open'
if percent is None: # 融资已完成
percent = '100%'
state = 'Finished'
totalAmount = item.find(attrs={'class': 'project-info'}).span.string.strip()
investedAmount = totalAmount
else:
percent = percent.string.strip()
state = 'Open'
decimalList = item.find(attrs={'class': 'decimal-wrap'}).find_all(attrs={'class': 'decimal'})
totalAmount = decimalList[0].string
investedAmount = decimalList[1].string
investState = item.find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-type'})
if investState != None:
state = investState.string
profitSpan = item.find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-rate'}).find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-profit'})
profit1 = profitSpan.next.strip()
profit2 = profitSpan.em.string.strip()
profit = profit1 + profit2
term = item.find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-maturity'}).find(attrs={'class': 'invest-item-profit'}).string.strip()
project = {
'title': title,
'projectId': projectId,
'type': projectType,
'percent': percent,
'totalAmount': totalAmount,
'investedAmount': investedAmount,
'profit': profit,
'term': term,
'state': state
}
projectList.append(project)
输出解析结果,如下:
TIPS
- 解析html代码,主要是运用了BeautifulSoup的几大对象,Tag、NavigableString、BeautifulSoup、Comment,可以参考Beautiful Soup 官方中文文档
本文参考:
- https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/index.zh.html
- http://www.jianshu.com/p/972c95610fdc