设计模式二-CSDN博客

原文 https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans
作者用简练的语句概括几个设计模式的场景和用法，比看长篇大论心情舒畅多了，简要翻译一下加深记忆 #介绍设计模式是对某种特定问题的解决之道 #注意设计模式不是银弹
#设计模式的类型

创造型
结构型
行为型

#创造性设计模式创造性设计模式专注于如何表达一个object或一组相关的object，通过从某种程度上控制这些object的创造

简单工厂模式
工厂模式
抽象工厂模式
建造者模式
原型模式
单例模式

##抽象工厂模式
创建工厂们的工厂，表达一类各自独立但又相关的工厂的抽象
工厂模式是创建拥有相同方法的实例，抽象工厂模式是创建拥有相同方法的工厂
###代码实例
在创建门的同时，需要创建于门相对应的工匠

interface Door {
    public function getDescription();
}

class WoodenDoor implements Door {
    public function getDescription() {
        echo 'I am a wooden door';
    }
}

class IronDoor implements Door {
    public function getDescription() {
        echo 'I am an iron door';
    }
}

interface DoorFittingExpert {
    public function getDescription();
}

class Welder implements DoorFittingExpert {
    public function getDescription() {
        echo 'I can only fit iron doors';
    }
}

class Carpenter implements DoorFittingExpert {
    public function getDescription() {
        echo 'I can only fit wooden doors';
    }
}

使用抽象工厂，创建出可以创建门及对应工匠的工厂

interface DoorFactory {
    public function makeDoor() : Door;
    public function makeFittingExpert() : DoorFittingExpert;
}

// Wooden factory to return carpenter and wooden door
class WoodenDoorFactory implements DoorFactory {
    public function makeDoor() : Door {
        return new WoodenDoor();
    }

    public function makeFittingExpert() : DoorFittingExpert{
        return new Carpenter();
    }
}

// Iron door factory to get iron door and the relevant fitting expert
class IronDoorFactory implements DoorFactory {
    public function makeDoor() : Door {
        return new IronDoor();
    }

    public function makeFittingExpert() : DoorFittingExpert{
        return new Welder();
    }
}

使用

$woodenFactory = new WoodenDoorFactory();

$door = $woodenFactory->makeDoor();
$expert = $woodenFactory->makeFittingExpert();

$door->getDescription();  // Output: I am a wooden door
$expert->getDescription(); // Output: I can only fit wooden doors

// Same for Iron Factory
$ironFactory = new IronDoorFactory();

$door = $ironFactory->makeDoor();
$expert = $ironFactory->makeFittingExpert();

$door->getDescription();  // Output: I am an iron door
$expert->getDescription(); // Output: I can only fit iron doors

###什么时候使用
当两个实例相关联，但又不是拥有同一逻辑的时候

##建造者模式
建立一个步骤或属性过多的实例 ###代码实例
难看的建立方式

public function __construct($size, $cheese = true, $pepperoni = true, $tomato = false, $lettuce = true) {
}

使用建造者

class Burger {
    protected $size;

    protected $cheese = false;
    protected $pepperoni = false;
    protected $lettuce = false;
    protected $tomato = false;

    public function __construct(BurgerBuilder $builder) {
        $this->size = $builder->size;
        $this->cheese = $builder->cheese;
        $this->pepperoni = $builder->pepperoni;
        $this->lettuce = $builder->lettuce;
        $this->tomato = $builder->tomato;
    }
}

建造者

class BurgerBuilder {
    public $size;

    public $cheese = false;
    public $pepperoni = false;
    public $lettuce = false;
    public $tomato = false;

    public function __construct(int $size) {
        $this->size = $size;
    }

    public function addPepperoni() {
        $this->pepperoni = true;
        return $this;
    }

    public function addLettuce() {
        $this->lettuce = true;
        return $this;
    }

    public function addCheese() {
        $this->cheese = true;
        return $this;
    }

    public function addTomato() {
        $this->tomato = true;
        return $this;
    }

    public function build() : Burger {
        return new Burger($this);
    }
}

$burger = (new BurgerBuilder(14))
                    ->addPepperoni()
                    ->addLettuce()
                    ->addTomato()
                    ->build();

###什么时候使用
实例属性多或建造时步骤多

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3211934/blog/845264