vector学习之删除元素操作erase, pop_back, clear,shrink_to_fit

我们知道vector的删除操作有clear,pop_back,erase，C++11还增加shrink_to_fit函数，那么他们的作用是什么呢？

clear清除所有内容，

pop_back移除末尾元素。

erase擦除元素，通过迭代器索引操作

shrink_to_fit释放未使用的存存减少内存的使用

下面是代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

typedef struct Personal3
{
    int m_age;
    int m_height;
    string m_name;
}Person3;


void erase_pop_back_Test()
{
    cout << "erase_pop_back_Test==========" <<endl;
    vector<int> vecInt;
    vecInt.push_back(1073741824);
    cout << "vecInt.max_size()=" << vecInt.max_size() << " vecInt[0]=" << vecInt[0] <<endl;
    int count = 33;//214748

    vector<Person3> vec1;
    Person3 person;
    person.m_name = string("床前明月光，疑似地上霜，举头望明月，低头思故乡。");

    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
    {
        person.m_age = i;
        person.m_height = i;
        vec1.push_back(person);
    }

    cout << "vec1.size=" << vec1.size() << " vec1.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    cout << "start vec1.empty()====" << vec1.empty() << endl;
    vec1.clear();
    cout << "end   vec1.empty()====" << vec1.empty() << endl;
    cout << endl;

    vec1.reserve(count);
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        person.m_age = i;
        person.m_height = i;
        vec1.emplace_back(person);
    }
    cout << "vec2.size=" << vec1.size() << " vec2.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    vec1.shrink_to_fit();//释放未使用的空间
    cout << "vec3.size=" << vec1.size() << " vec3.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    vec1.erase(vec1.begin());
    cout << "vec4.size=" << vec1.size() << " vec4.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    vec1.pop_back();
    cout << "vec5.size=" << vec1.size() << " vec5.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    vec1.clear();
    cout << "vec6.size=" << vec1.size() << "  vec6.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    vec1.shrink_to_fit();
    cout << "vec7.size=" << vec1.size() << "  vec7.capacity=" << vec1.capacity() << endl;
    cout << endl;
}



int main()
{
    //int = [-2147483648, 2147483647]

    erase_pop_back_Test();
    cout<< endl;

    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

从以上结果看，clear,pop_back,earse只是删除内容，并不能删除vector的存储空间，C++11提供了shrink_to_fit可以清理存储空间。