C++11提供std::array 是封装固定大小数组的容器,与数组相比,它提供很多操作函数,例如:at, [], front, back, data, fill, swap等等,
元素访问 | |
访问指定的元素,同时进行越界检查 (公开成员函数) | |
访问指定的元素 (公开成员函数) | |
访问第一个元素 (公开成员函数) | |
访问最后一个元素 (公开成员函数) | |
返回指向内存中数组第一个元素的指针 (公开成员函数) | |
容量 | |
检查容器是否为空 (公开成员函数) | |
返回容纳的元素数 (公开成员函数) | |
返回可容纳的最大元素数 (公开成员函数) | |
操作 | |
以指定值填充容器 (公开成员函数) | |
交换内容 (公开成员函数) |
下面是这些函数的使用示例:
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
void GetElement()
{
const int count = 5;//214748
cout << "init nArray ";
array<int, count> nArray = {23, 87, 34, 57, 12};//初始化
for(int &c: nArray)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
nArray.fill(9);//以9填充容器所有内容
cout << "nArray.fill(9) ";
for(int &c: nArray)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
//double startTime1 = clock();//1计算开始
for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
{
nArray[i] = (i + 1) * 10;
}
for(int &c: nArray)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
//double endTime1 = clock();//1时间结束
cout << "nArray.size = " << nArray.size() << " nArray.isEmpty = " << nArray.empty()
<< " nArray.max_size = " << nArray.max_size() << endl;
//cout << "for 1 run time is: " << (double)(endTime1 - startTime1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
cout << endl;
array<int, count> nArray2;//nArray2的元素个数count必须和nArray一样,则否下面的赋值会报错
nArray2 = nArray;
for(int &c: nArray2)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "nArray.front = " << nArray.front() << endl;
cout << "nArray[1] ==== " << nArray[1] << endl;
cout << "nArray.at(2) = " << nArray.at(2) << endl;
cout << "nArray.data == " << *(nArray.data()) << endl;
cout << "nArray.back == " << nArray.back() << endl;
cout << endl;
array<int, 3> nArray3 = {21, 35, 98};
array<int, 3> nArray4 = {32, 17, 57};
cout << "nArray3 = ";
for(int &c: nArray3)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "nArray4 = ";
for(int &c: nArray4)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
auto it1 = nArray3.begin();
auto it2 = nArray4.begin();
int &ref1 = nArray3.front();
int &ref2 = nArray4.front();
cout << "*it1 = " << *it1 << " *it2 = " << *it2 << " ref1 = " << ref1 << " ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;
cout << "nArray3.data = " << nArray3.data() << " nArray4.data = " << nArray4.data() << endl;
cout << "nArray3 swap nArray4 " << endl;
//nArray3与nArray4的元素类型和个数必须要一样才能交换,这与vector的swap不一样。
nArray3.swap(nArray4);
cout << "nArray3 = ";
for(int &c: nArray3)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "nArray4 = ";
for(int &c: nArray4)
{
cout << c << "\t";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*it1 = " << *it1 << " *it2 = " << *it2 << " ref1 = " << ref1 << " ref2 = " << ref2 << endl;
cout << "nArray3.data = " << nArray3.data() << " nArray4.data = " << nArray4.data() << endl;
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
GetElement();
cout << endl;
cout << "Hello world" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
array的赋值必须是类型和元素个数一样,例如nArray3与nArray4类型和个数一样才可以正常使用,这点与vector不同,vector的个数不一样的容器也可以赋值 。
同时使用swap里,两个array的类型和元素个数也样一样。从以上结果看出,swap交换的是内容的值,array的首地址没有变化,迭代器和引用都变了,这与vector不同。