C#中通过反射查看程序集的特性信息

1.特性允许把定制的元数据与程序元素联系起来，这些元数据是在编译时创建的，并嵌入到程序中；
2.在运行期间可以使用反射的一些功能检查这些元数据。
3.实例：
  WhatsNewAttribute.dll：定义特性，  编译：csc /t:library WhatsNewAttributes.cs；
  VectorClass.dll：应用特性，编译：csc /reference:WhatsNewAttributes.dll VectorClass.cs；
  LookUpWhatsNew.exe：编译：csc /reference:WhatsNewAttributes.dll /reference:VectorClass.dll LookUpWhatsNew.cs。

WhatsNewAttribute.cs:

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1. using System;   
2.   
3. namespace Magci.Test.Reflection   
4. {   
5.     //定义LastModified特性类   
6.     [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]   
7.     public class LastModifiedAttribute : Attribute   
8.     {   
9.         private DateTime dateModified;   
10.         private string changes;   
11.         private string issues;   
12.   
13.         public LastModifiedAttribute(string dateModified, string changes)   
14.         {   
15.             this.dateModified = DateTime.Parse(dateModified);   
16.             this.changes = changes;   
17.         }   
18.   
19.         public DateTime DateModified   
20.         {   
21.             get  
22.             {   
23.                 return dateModified;   
24.             }   
25.         }   
26.   
27.         public string Changes   
28.         {   
29.             get  
30.             {   
31.                 return changes;   
32.             }   
33.         }   
34.   
35.         public string Issues   
36.         {   
37.             get  
38.             {   
39.                 return issues;   
40.             }   
41.             set  
42.             {   
43.                 issues = value;   
44.             }   
45.         }   
46.     }   
47.   
48.     //定义SupportsWhatsNew特性类   
49.     [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]   
50.     public class SupportsWhatsNewAttribute : Attribute   
51.     {   
52.     }   
53. }  

using System;

namespace Magci.Test.Reflection
{
    //定义LastModified特性类
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
    public class LastModifiedAttribute : Attribute
    {
        private DateTime dateModified;
        private string changes;
        private string issues;

        public LastModifiedAttribute(string dateModified, string changes)
        {
            this.dateModified = DateTime.Parse(dateModified);
            this.changes = changes;
        }

        public DateTime DateModified
        {
            get
            {
                return dateModified;
            }
        }

        public string Changes
        {
            get
            {
                return changes;
            }
        }

        public string Issues
        {
            get
            {
                return issues;
            }
            set
            {
                issues = value;
            }
        }
    }

    //定义SupportsWhatsNew特性类
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly)]
    public class SupportsWhatsNewAttribute : Attribute
    {
    }
}

VectorClass.cs:

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1. using System;   
2. using System.Text;   
3. using System.Collections;   
4. using Magci.Test.Reflection;   
5.   
6. //使用SupportsWhatsNew特性标记   
7. [assembly:SupportsWhatsNew]   
8.   
9. namespace Magci.Test.Reflection   
10. {   
11.     //添加LastModified特性   
12.     [LastModified("2009-01-12", "IEnumerable interface implemented. So Vector can now be treated as a collection")]   
13.     [LastModified("2009-01-08", "IFormattable interface implemented. So Vector now responds to format specifiers N and VE")]   
14.     public class Vector : IFormattable, IEnumerable   
15.     {   
16.         public double x, y, z;   
17.   
18.         public Vector(double x, double y, double z)   
19.         {   
20.             this.x = x;   
21.             this.y = y;   
22.             this.z = z;   
23.         }   
24.            
25.         [LastModified("2009-01-08", "Method added in order to provide formatting support")]   
26.         public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)   
27.         {   
28.             if (format == null)   
29.             {   
30.                 return ToString();   
31.             }   
32.             string formatUpper = format.ToUpper();   
33.             switch (formatUpper)   
34.             {   
35.                 case "N":   
36.                     return "||" + (x*x + y*y + z*z) + "||";   
37.                 case "VE":   
38.                     return String.Format("{0:E},{1:E},{2:E}", x, y, z);   
39.                 case "IJK":   
40.                     StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(x.ToString(), 30);   
41.                     sb.Append("i+");   
42.                     sb.Append(y.ToString());   
43.                     sb.Append("j+");   
44.                     sb.Append(z.ToString());   
45.                     sb.Append("k");   
46.                     return sb.ToString();   
47.                 default:   
48.                     return ToString();   
49.             }   
50.         }   
51.   
52.         public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()   
53.         {   
54.             return new VectorEnumerator(this);   
55.         }   
56.   
57.         public override string ToString()   
58.         {   
59.             return "(" + x + "," + y + "," + z + ")";   
60.         }   
61.   
62.         public double this [uint i]   
63.         {   
64.             get  
65.             {   
66.                 switch (i)   
67.                 {   
68.                     case 0:   
69.                         return x;   
70.                     case 1:   
71.                         return y;   
72.                     case 2:   
73.                         return z;   
74.                     default:   
75.                         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Vector Only have three emlement!");   
76.                 }   
77.             }   
78.   
79.             set  
80.             {   
81.                 switch (i)   
82.                 {   
83.                     case 0:   
84.                         x = value;   
85.                         break;   
86.                     case 1:   
87.                         y = value;   
88.                         break;   
89.                     case 2:   
90.                         z = value;   
91.                         break;   
92.                     default:   
93.                         throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Vector Only have three emlement!");   
94.                 }   
95.             }   
96.         }   
97.   
98.     }   
99.   
100.     [LastModified("2009-01-12", "Class created as part of collection support for Vector")]   
101.     public class VectorEnumerator : IEnumerator   
102.     {   
103.         Vector vector;   
104.         int location;   
105.   
106.         public VectorEnumerator(Vector vector)   
107.         {   
108.             this.vector = vector;   
109.             location = -1;   
110.         }   
111.            
112.         public bool MoveNext()   
113.         {   
114.             ++location;   
115.             return (location > 2) ? false : true;   
116.         }   
117.   
118.         public object Current   
119.         {   
120.             get  
121.             {   
122.                 if (location < 0 || location > 2)   
123.                 {   
124.                     throw new InvalidOperationException("Vector only have three components!");   
125.                 }   
126.                 return vector[(uint)location];   
127.             }   
128.         }   
129.   
130.         public void Reset()   
131.         {   
132.             location = -1;   
133.         }   
134.     }   
135. }  

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using Magci.Test.Reflection;

//使用SupportsWhatsNew特性标记
[assembly:SupportsWhatsNew]

namespace Magci.Test.Reflection
{
    //添加LastModified特性
    [LastModified("2009-01-12", "IEnumerable interface implemented. So Vector can now be treated as a collection")]
    [LastModified("2009-01-08", "IFormattable interface implemented. So Vector now responds to format specifiers N and VE")]
    public class Vector : IFormattable, IEnumerable
    {
        public double x, y, z;

        public Vector(double x, double y, double z)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
            this.z = z;
        }
        
        [LastModified("2009-01-08", "Method added in order to provide formatting support")]
        public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
        {
            if (format == null)
            {
                return ToString();
            }
            string formatUpper = format.ToUpper();
            switch (formatUpper)
            {
                case "N":
                    return "||" + (x*x + y*y + z*z) + "||";
                case "VE":
                    return String.Format("{0:E},{1:E},{2:E}", x, y, z);
                case "IJK":
                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(x.ToString(), 30);
                    sb.Append("i+");
                    sb.Append(y.ToString());
                    sb.Append("j+");
                    sb.Append(z.ToString());
                    sb.Append("k");
                    return sb.ToString();
                default:
                    return ToString();
            }
        }

        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
        {
            return new VectorEnumerator(this);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "(" + x + "," + y + "," + z + ")";
        }

        public double this [uint i]
        {
            get
            {
                switch (i)
                {
                    case 0:
                        return x;
                    case 1:
                        return y;
                    case 2:
                        return z;
                    default:
                        throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Vector Only have three emlement!");
                }
            }

            set
            {
                switch (i)
                {
                    case 0:
                        x = value;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        y = value;
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        z = value;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Vector Only have three emlement!");
                }
            }
        }

    }

    [LastModified("2009-01-12", "Class created as part of collection support for Vector")]
    public class VectorEnumerator : IEnumerator
    {
        Vector vector;
        int location;

        public VectorEnumerator(Vector vector)
        {
            this.vector = vector;
            location = -1;
        }
        
        public bool MoveNext()
        {
            ++location;
            return (location > 2) ? false : true;
        }

        public object Current
        {
            get
            {
                if (location < 0 || location > 2)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Vector only have three components!");
                }
                return vector[(uint)location];
            }
        }

        public void Reset()
        {
            location = -1;
        }
    }
}

LookUpWhatsNew.cs:

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1. using System;   
2. using System.Reflection;   
3. using System.Text;   
4. using System.Windows.Forms;   
5.   
6. namespace Magci.Test.Reflection   
7. {   
8.     public class WhatsNewChecker   
9.     {   
10.         public static StringBuilder OutputText = new StringBuilder(1000);   
11.         //查询起始时间   
12.         public static DateTime BackDateTo = new DateTime(2009, 1, 1);   
13.   
14.         public static void Main()   
15.         {   
16.             //加载程序集   
17.             Assembly theAssembly = Assembly.Load("VectorClass");   
18.             //验证是否应用了SupportsWhatsNewAttribute特性   
19.             Attribute supportsAttribute = Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(theAssembly, typeof(SupportsWhatsNewAttribute));   
20.   
21.             string Name = theAssembly.FullName;   
22.             OutputText.Append("/nAssembly:" + Name);   
23.             if (supportsAttribute == null)   
24.             {   
25.                 OutputText.Append("/nThis assembly does not support WhatsNew attributes");   
26.                 return;   
27.             }   
28.             else  
29.             {   
30.                    
31.                 OutputText.Append("/nDefined Types:");   
32.             }   
33.                
34.             //取得程序集中定义的所有类型   
35.             Type[] types = theAssembly.GetTypes();   
36.             //迭代显示所有类型信息   
37.             foreach (Type type in types)   
38.             {   
39.                 DisplayTypeInfo(theAssembly, type);   
40.             }   
41.                
42.             //通过消息框显示该程序集信息   
43.             MessageBox.Show(OutputText.ToString(), "What/'s New since " + BackDateTo.ToLongDateString());   
44.         }   
45.   
46.         //显示类型信息   
47.         public static void DisplayTypeInfo(Assembly theAssembly, Type type)   
48.         {   
49.             //只考虑类的情况   
50.             if (!(type.IsClass))   
51.             {   
52.                 return;   
53.             }   
54.             OutputText.Append("/nclass " + type.Name);   
55.             //获取程序集的特性   
56.             Attribute[] attributes = Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(type);   
57.             if (attributes.Length == 0)   
58.             {   
59.                 OutputText.Append("/nNo changes to this class");   
60.             }   
61.             else  
62.             {   
63.                 //迭代显示类特性信息   
64.                 foreach (Attribute attribute in attributes)   
65.                 {   
66.                     WriteAttributeInfo(attribute);   
67.                 }   
68.             }   
69.        
70.             //取得程序集中所有公共方法   
71.             MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();   
72.             OutputText.Append("/nChanges to method of this class:");   
73.             //迭代显示所有方法信息   
74.             foreach (MethodInfo method in methods)   
75.             {   
76.                 object[] attributes2 = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(LastModifiedAttribute), false);   
77.                 if (attributes2 != null)   
78.                 {   
79.                     OutputText.Append("/n" + method.ReturnType + " " + method.Name + "()");   
80.                     //迭代显示方法特性信息   
81.                     foreach (Attribute attribute in attributes2)   
82.                     {   
83.                         WriteAttributeInfo(attribute);   
84.                     }   
85.                 }   
86.             }   
87.         }   
88.   
89.         public static void WriteAttributeInfo(Attribute attribute)   
90.         {   
91.             LastModifiedAttribute lastModifiedAttribute = attribute as LastModifiedAttribute;   
92.             if (lastModifiedAttribute == null)   
93.             {   
94.                 return;   
95.             }   
96.             DateTime modifiedDate = lastModifiedAttribute.DateModified;   
97.             if (modifiedDate < BackDateTo)   
98.             {   
99.                 return;   
100.             }   
101.   
102.             OutputText.Append("/nModified: " + modifiedDate.ToLongDateString() + ":");   
103.             OutputText.Append("/n   " + lastModifiedAttribute.Changes);   
104.             if (lastModifiedAttribute.Issues != null)   
105.             {   
106.                 OutputText.Append("/n  Outstanding issues:" + lastModifiedAttribute.Issues);   
107.             }   
108.         }   
109.     }   
110. }  

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Magci.Test.Reflection
{
    public class WhatsNewChecker
    {
        public static StringBuilder OutputText = new StringBuilder(1000);
        //查询起始时间
        public static DateTime BackDateTo = new DateTime(2009, 1, 1);

        public static void Main()
        {
            //加载程序集
            Assembly theAssembly = Assembly.Load("VectorClass");
            //验证是否应用了SupportsWhatsNewAttribute特性
            Attribute supportsAttribute = Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(theAssembly, typeof(SupportsWhatsNewAttribute));

            string Name = theAssembly.FullName;
            OutputText.Append("/nAssembly:" + Name);
            if (supportsAttribute == null)
            {
                OutputText.Append("/nThis assembly does not support WhatsNew attributes");
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                
                OutputText.Append("/nDefined Types:");
            }
            
            //取得程序集中定义的所有类型
            Type[] types = theAssembly.GetTypes();
            //迭代显示所有类型信息
            foreach (Type type in types)
            {
                DisplayTypeInfo(theAssembly, type);
            }
            
            //通过消息框显示该程序集信息
            MessageBox.Show(OutputText.ToString(), "What/'s New since " + BackDateTo.ToLongDateString());
        }

        //显示类型信息
        public static void DisplayTypeInfo(Assembly theAssembly, Type type)
        {
            //只考虑类的情况
            if (!(type.IsClass))
            {
                return;
            }
            OutputText.Append("/nclass " + type.Name);
            //获取程序集的特性
            Attribute[] attributes = Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(type);
            if (attributes.Length == 0)
            {
                OutputText.Append("/nNo changes to this class");
            }
            else
            {
                //迭代显示类特性信息
                foreach (Attribute attribute in attributes)
                {
                    WriteAttributeInfo(attribute);
                }
            }
    
            //取得程序集中所有公共方法
            MethodInfo[] methods = type.GetMethods();
            OutputText.Append("/nChanges to method of this class:");
            //迭代显示所有方法信息
            foreach (MethodInfo method in methods)
            {
                object[] attributes2 = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(LastModifiedAttribute), false);
                if (attributes2 != null)
                {
                    OutputText.Append("/n" + method.ReturnType + " " + method.Name + "()");
                    //迭代显示方法特性信息
                    foreach (Attribute attribute in attributes2)
                    {
                        WriteAttributeInfo(attribute);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public static void WriteAttributeInfo(Attribute attribute)
        {
            LastModifiedAttribute lastModifiedAttribute = attribute as LastModifiedAttribute;
            if (lastModifiedAttribute == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            DateTime modifiedDate = lastModifiedAttribute.DateModified;
            if (modifiedDate < BackDateTo)
            {
                return;
            }

            OutputText.Append("/nModified: " + modifiedDate.ToLongDateString() + ":");
            OutputText.Append("/n   " + lastModifiedAttribute.Changes);
            if (lastModifiedAttribute.Issues != null)
            {
                OutputText.Append("/n  Outstanding issues:" + lastModifiedAttribute.Issues);
            }
        }
    }
}