Struts 2中访问Web元素的4种方法

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-07 15:45:09 发布

chenyonken

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-07 15:45:09 发布

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分类专栏： struts2

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在Struts 2中，Action类和Web对象之间没有直接关系，但可以通过Action访问Web对象，在Action中访问Web对象有4中方式

直接访问Web对象——Servlet依赖容器方式
通过ActionContext访问——Map依赖容器方式
通过IoC访问Servlet对象——Map Ioc方式
通过IoC访问Servlet对象——Servler IoC方式

一、 Action示例

设计控制类（Action类），分别使用以下4种方式

1、直接访问Web对象——Servlet依赖容器方式

Struts 2 框架提供org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext辅助类来获得Web对象。

HttpServletRequest request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpServletRequest response=ServletActionContext.getResponse();
ServletContext application=ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
PageContext pagecontext=ServletActionContext.getPageContext();
而HttpSession session的获取需要两步：

HttpServletRequest request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpSession session=request.getSession();

设计Action类如下

package action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
public class testAction {

    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private HttpSession session;
    private ServletContext application;
    private int x;
    private int y;
    private int sum;
    public testAction() {
        request=ServletActionContext.getRequest();
        session=request.getSession();
        application=session.getServletContext();
    }
    public int getX() {return x;}
    public void setX(int x) {this.x = x;}
    public int getY() {return y;}
    public void setY(int y) {this.y = y;}
    public int getSum() {return sum;}
    public String execute(){
        sum=x+y;
        request.setAttribute("x", x);
        session.setAttribute("y", y);
        application.setAttribute("sum2", sum);
        if(sum>=0)
            return "+";
        else
            return "-";
    }
}

2、通过ActionContext访问——Map依赖容器方式

ActionContext类位于com.opensymphoney.xwork2中，提供了一系列相关的方法用于访问保存在ServletContext、HttpSession、HttpServletRequest中的信息，并将结果存储在Map中
ActionContext类中常用方法如下

public static ActionContext getContext()：获得ActionContext对象
public Object get(Object key)：在ActionContext中查找Key的值
public void put(Object key,Object value)：向当前ActionContext存入值
public void setApplication(Map application)：设置application的值
public void setSession(Map session)：设置session的值
public Map getParameters()：从请求对象中获取请求参数
public Map getApplication()：获取ServletContext中保存的Attribute.
public Map getSession()：获取HttpSession中保存的Attribute

设计Action类如下

package action;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
public class testAction {

    private Map<String,Object> request;
    private Map<String,Object> session;
    private Map<String,Object> application;
    private int x;
    private int y;
    private int sum;
    public testAction() {
        ActionContext context=ActionContext.getContext();
        request=(Map<String, Object>) context.get("request");
        session=context.getSession();
        application=context.getApplication();
    }
    public int getX() {return x;}
    public void setX(int x) {this.x = x;}
    public int getY() {return y;}
    public void setY(int y) {this.y = y;}
    public int getSum() {return sum;}
    public String execute(){
        sum=x+y;
        request.put("x", x);
        session.put("y", y);
        application.put("sum2", sum);
        if(sum>=0)
            return "+";
        else
            return "-";

    }
}

3、通过IoC访问Servlet对象——Map Ioc方式

在Struts 2框架中，通过IoC方式将Servlet对象注入到Action中，需要在Action中实现以下接口

org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware
该接口有void setRequest(Map map)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问HttpRequest对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware
该接口有void setSession(Map map)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问HttpSession对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware
该接口有void setApplication(Map map)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问HttpApplication对象

设计Action类如下

package action;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ApplicationAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

public class testAction implements RequestAware,SessionAware,ApplicationAware{

    private Map<String,Object> request;
    private Map<String,Object> session;
    private Map<String,Object> application;
    private int x;
    private int y;
    private int sum;

    @Override
    public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.application=arg0;
    }
    @Override
    public void setSession(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.session=arg0;
    }
    @Override
    public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
    }
    public testAction() {
        ActionContext context=ActionContext.getContext();
        request=(Map<String, Object>) context.get("request");
        session=context.getSession();
        application=context.getApplication();
    }
    public int getX() {return x;}
    public void setX(int x) {this.x = x;}
    public int getY() {return y;}
    public void setY(int y) {this.y = y;}
    public int getSum() {return sum;}
    public String execute(){
        sum=x+y;
        request.put("x", x);
        session.put("y", y);
        application.put("sum2", sum);
        if(sum>=0)
            return "+";
        else
            return "-";
    }
}

4、通过IoC访问Servlet对象——Servler IoC方式

在Struts 2框架中，通过IoC方式将Servlet对象注入到Action中，需要在Action中实现以下接口

org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletContextAware
该接口有void setServletContext(ServletContext servletContext)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问ServletContext对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware
该接口有void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest requst)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问HttpServletRequest对象
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware
该接口有void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response)方法，实现该方法的Action可访问HttpServletResponse对象

设计Action类如下

package action;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

public class testAction implements ServletRequestAware{

    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private HttpSession session;
    private ServletContext application;
    private int x;
    private int y;
    private int sum;
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=request;
        this.session=request.getSession();
        this.application=session.getServletContext();   
    }
    public int getX() {return x;}
    public void setX(int x) {this.x = x;}
    public int getY() {return y;}
    public void setY(int y) {this.y = y;}
    public int getSum() {return sum;}
    public String execute(){
        sum=x+y;
        request.setAttribute("x", x);
        session.setAttribute("y", y);
        application.setAttribute("sum2", sum);
        if(sum>=0)
            return "+";
        else
            return "-";
    }
}

二、测试

1.在MyEclipse中创建test工程，导入Struts2必须的jar包或者使用MyEclipse自动添加Struts 2支持
2.修改web.xml配置文件，在web.xml中添加如下的配置信息

  <filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

3.编写jsp页面

(1)input.jsp


<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>数据提交页面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   <form action="add" method="post">
    请输入两个整数:<br><br>
    加数：<input name="x"><br><br>
    被加数：<input name="y"><br><br>
    <input type="submit" value="求和">
   </form>
  </body>
</html>

(2)positive.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
  </head>

  <body>
    代数和为非负数：<s:property value="sum"/><br>
    加数:<s:property value="#request.x" /><br>
    被加数:<s:property value="#session.y" /><br>
     和值:<s:property value="#application.sum2" /><br>

  </body>
</html>

(3)negative.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
  </head>

  <body>
    代数和为非负数：<s:property value="sum"/><br>
    加数:<s:property value="#request.x" /><br>
    被加数:<s:property value="#session.y" /><br>
     和值:<s:property value="#application.sum2" /><br>

  </body>
</html>

4.修改struts.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="add" class="action.testAction">
            <result name="+">/positive.jsp</result>
            <result name="-">/negative.jsp</result>

        </action>
    </package>
</struts>