Spring 容器中的 Bean 是有生命周期的,Spring 允许在 Bean 在初始化完成后以及 Bean 销毁前执行特定的操作,常用的设定方式有以下十种:
通过实现 InitializingBean 接口来定制初始化之后的操作方法;
通过实现DisposableBean 接口来定制销毁之前的操作方法;
通过元素的 init-method属性指定初始化之后调用的操作方法;
通过元素的 destroy-method属性指定销毁之前调用的操作方法;
在指定方法上加上 @PostConstruct 注解来制定该方法是在初始化之后调用;
在指定方法上加上 @PreDestroy 注解来制定该方法是在销毁之前调用;
实现BeanNameAware接口设置Bean的ID或者Name;
实现BeanFactoryAware接口设置BeanFactory;
实现ApplicationContextAware接口设置ApplicationContext;
注册实现了BeanPostProcessor的Bean后处理器,通过postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization 方法对初始化的Bean进行自定义处理;
那么这十种方式所定义方法执的行顺序是什么?
鄙人经过大量的代码实验得到了一些结果记录下来,以供用到时查阅。
初始化过程中各方法的执行顺序如下:
调用构造器 Bean.constructor,进行实例化;
调用 Setter 方法,设置属性值;
调用 BeanNameAware.setBeanName,设置Bean的ID或者Name;
调用 BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory,设置BeanFactory;
调用 ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext,置ApplicationContext;
调用BeanPostProcessor的预先初始化方法,如下:
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization
BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessBeforeInitialization
……
调用由 @PostConstruct 注解的方法;
调用 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet;
调用 Bean.init-mehod 初始化方法;
调用BeanPostProcessor的后初始化方法,如下:
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization
BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessAfterInitialization
……
容器关闭时,Bean销毁过程中各方法的执行顺序如下:
调用由 @PreDestroy 注解的方法
调用DisposableBean的destroy();
调用定制的destroy-method方法;
实验代码如下:
文件 bean.xml 的代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"default-init-method="init_method"default-destroy-method="destroy_method"><context:component-scanbase-package="spring"/><beanclass="spring.InitHelloWorld2"/><beanclass="spring.InitHelloWorld"/><beanid="hello"class="spring.Hello1"><propertyname="message"value="ccccccccc"/></bean></beans>
文件 Hello1.java 的代码如下:
package spring;importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.*;importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;importjavax.annotation.PostConstruct;importjavax.annotation.PreDestroy;publicclassHello1implementsInitializingBean,BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware,ApplicationContextAware,DisposableBean{privateString message;publicStringgetMessage(){return message;}publicvoidsetMessage(String message){System.out.println("Hello1 setMessage");this.message = message;}publicHello1(){System.out.println("Hello1 构造器");}publicvoidhello(){System.out.println("Hello1 我是:"+ message);}publicvoidinit_method(){System.out.println("Hello1 init-method ");}@PostConstructpublicvoidpostConstruct(){System.out.println("Hello1 @PostConstruct");}@OverridepublicvoidafterPropertiesSet()throwsException{System.out.println("Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet");}@OverridepublicvoidsetBeanName(String s){System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanName "+ s);}@OverridepublicvoidsetBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanFactory ");}@OverridepublicvoidsetApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("Hello1 setApplicationContext ");}@Overridepublicvoiddestroy()throwsException{System.out.println("Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy ");}publicvoiddestroy_method()throwsException{System.out.println("Hello1 destroy-method ");}@PreDestroypublicvoidpreDestroy()throwsException{System.out.println("Hello1 @PreDestroy ");}}
文件 InitHelloWord.java 的代码如下:
package spring;importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;importorg.springframework.core.Ordered;publicclassInitHelloWorldimplementsBeanPostProcessor,Ordered{@OverridepublicObjectpostProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o,String s)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+ s);return o;}@OverridepublicObjectpostProcessAfterInitialization(Object o,String s)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:"+ s);return o;}@OverridepublicintgetOrder(){return10;}}
文件 InitHelloWord2.java 的代码如下:
package spring;importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;importorg.springframework.core.Ordered;publicclassInitHelloWorld2implementsBeanPostProcessor,Ordered{@OverridepublicObjectpostProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o,String s)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+ s);return o;}@OverridepublicObjectpostProcessAfterInitialization(Object o,String s)throwsBeansException{System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:"+ s);return o;}@OverridepublicintgetOrder(){return20;}}
文件 MainApp.java 代码如下:
package spring;importorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;publicclassMainApp{publicstaticvoidmain(String... args){AbstractApplicationContext ctx =newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");Hello1 hello =(Hello1) ctx.getBean("hello");
hello.hello();
ctx.close();}}
代码执行结果如下:
Hello1 构造器
Hello1 setMessage
Hello1 setBeanName hello
Hello1 setBeanFactory
Hello1 setApplicationContext
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello
Hello1 @PostConstruct
Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet
Hello1 init-method
BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello
BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello
Hello1 我是:ccccccccc
Hello1 @PreDestroy
Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy
Hello1 destroy-method
作者:JSON_NULL
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/80d4fa132747
来源:简书
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