高级bash脚本

分隔符(;)

以下两个分号 结束case分支

.

等价于source bash sh命令，都可以执行sh文件

`

表示优先执行

cp `mkdir back` hello.sh back

:

冒号表示什么都不做 或者true

#!/bin/bash

while :
do
    echo "endless loop"
done

清空文件

: > test.sh

也可以用作占位符

#!/bin/bash

condition=5

if [ $condition -gt 0 ] #gt表示greater than，也就是大于，同样有-lt（小于），-eq（等于） 
then :   # 什么都不做，退出分支
else
    echo "$condition"
fi

问号

 #!/bin/bash

 a=10
 (( t=a<50?8:9 ))
 echo $t

$

如上，表示一个变量

括号

表示数组或子进程

#!/bin/bash

a=123
( a=321; )

echo "$a"

#!/bin/bash

arr=(1 4 5 7 9 21)
echo ${arr[3]}

只读变量

a="shiyan"
readonly a

命令参数

从命令行传递到脚本的参数：0，1，2，3...

0就是脚本文件自身的名字，1 是第一个参数，2是第二个参数，3 是第三个参数，然后是第四个。9之后的位置参数就必须用大括号括起来了，比如，9 之后的位置参数就必须用大括号括起来了，比如{10}，11，{11}，11，{12}。

$# ： 传递到脚本的参数个数 $* ： 以一个单字符串显示所有向脚本传递的参数。与位置变量不同,此选项参数可超过 9个 ： 脚本运行的当前进程 ID号 $! ： 后台运行的最后一个进程的进程 ID号 @：与@ ： 与@：与*相同,但是使用时加引号,并在引号中返回每个参数 $： 显示shell使用的当前选项,与 set命令功能相同 $? ： 显示最后命令的退出状态。 0表示没有错误,其他任何值表明有错误。

#!/bin/bash

# 作为用例, 调用这个脚本至少需要10个参数, 比如:
# bash test.sh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MINPARAMS=10

echo

echo "The name of this script is \"$0\"."

echo "The name of this script is \"`basename $0`\"."


echo

if [ -n "$1" ]              # 测试变量被引用.
then
echo "Parameter #1 is $1"  # 需要引用才能够转义"#"
fi 

if [ -n "$2" ]
then
echo "Parameter #2 is $2"
fi 

if [ -n "${10}" ]  # 大于$9的参数必须用{}括起来.
then
echo "Parameter #10 is ${10}"
fi 

echo "-----------------------------------"
echo "All the command-line parameters are: "$*""

if [ $# -lt "$MINPARAMS" ]
then
 echo
 echo "This script needs at least $MINPARAMS command-line arguments!"
fi  

echo

exit 0

运行结果

算术运算符

#!/bin/bash

a=10
b=20

val=`expr $a + $b`
echo "a + b : $val"

val=`expr $a - $b`
echo "a - b : $val"

val=`expr $a \* $b`
echo "a * b : $val"

val=`expr $b / $a`
echo "b / a : $val"

val=`expr $b % $a`
echo "b % a : $val"

if [ $a == $b ]
then
   echo "a == b"
fi
if [ $a != $b ]
then
   echo "a != b"
fi

关系运算符

关系运算符只支持数字，不支持字符串，除非字符串的值是数字

#!/bin/bash

a=10
b=20

if [ $a -eq $b ]
then
   echo "$a -eq $b : a == b"
else
   echo "$a -eq $b: a != b"
fi

逻辑运算符

#!/bin/bash
a=10
b=20

if [[ $a -lt 100 && $b -gt 100 ]]
then
   echo "return true"
else
   echo "return false"
fi

if [[ $a -lt 100 || $b -gt 100 ]]
then
   echo "return true"
else
   echo "return false"
fi

字符串运算符

#!/bin/bash

a="abc"
b="efg"

if [ $a = $b ]
then
   echo "$a = $b : a == b"
else
   echo "$a = $b: a != b"
fi
if [ -n $a ]
then
   echo "-n $a : The string length is not 0"
else
   echo "-n $a : The string length is  0"
fi
if [ $a ]
then
   echo "$a : The string is not empty"
else
   echo "$a : The string is empty"
fi

输出结果

文件测试运算符

#!/bin/bash

file="/home/shiyanlou/test.sh"
if [ -r $file ]
then
   echo "The file is readable"
else
   echo "The file is not readable"
fi
if [ -e $file ]
then
   echo "File exists"
else
   echo "File not exists"
fi

运行结果

流程控制

ifelse

#!/bin/bash
a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
   echo "a == b"
elif [ $a -gt $b ]
then
   echo "a > b"
elif [ $a -lt $b ]
then
   echo "a < b"
else
   echo "Ineligible"
fi

或者

#!/bin/bash
num1=$[2*3]
num2=$[1+5]
if test $[num1] -eq $[num2]
then
    echo 'Two numbers are equal!'
else
    echo 'The two numbers are not equal!'
fi

for

#!/bin/bash
for str in This is a string
do
    echo $str
done

echo 'press <CTRL-D> exit'
echo -n 'Who do you think is the most handsome: '
while read MAN
do
    echo "Yes！$MAN is really handsome"
done

until

until condition
do
    command
done

case

echo 'The number you entered is:'
read aNum
case $aNum in
    1)  echo 'You have chosen 1'
    ;;
    2)  echo 'You have chosen 2'
    ;;
    3)  echo 'You have chosen 3'
    ;;
    4)  echo 'You have chosen 4'
    ;;
    *)  echo 'You did not enter a number between 1 and 4'
    ;;
esac

跳出循环

break跳出整个循环

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
    echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5:"
    read aNum
    case $aNum in
        1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
        ;;
        *) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5! game over!"
            break
        ;;
    esac
done

continue跳出当前循环

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
    echo -n "Enter a number between 1 and 5: "
    read aNum
    case $aNum in
        1|2|3|4|5) echo "The number you entered is $aNum!"
        ;;
        *) echo "The number you entered is not between 1 and 5!"
            continue
            echo "game over"
        ;;
    esac
done

函数

#!/bin/bash
funWithReturn(){
    echo "This function will add the two numbers of the input..."
    echo "Enter the first number: "
    read aNum
    echo "Enter the second number: "
    read anotherNum
    echo "The two numbers are $aNum and $anotherNum !"
    return $(($aNum+$anotherNum))
}
funWithReturn
echo "The sum of the two numbers entered is $? !"

$?表示之前一个函数的返回值或者上个命令的退出状态

#!/bin/bash
funWithParam(){
    echo "The first parameter is $1 !"
    echo "The second parameter is $2 !"
    echo "The tenth parameter is $10 !"
    echo "The tenth parameter is ${10} !"
    echo "The eleventh parameter is ${11} !"
    echo "The total number of parameters is $# !"
    echo "Outputs all parameters as a string $* !"
}
funWithParam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 34 73

注意：10不能获取第十个参数，获取第十个参数需要{10}。当n>=10时，需要使用${n}来获取参数

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/odetteisgorgeous/blog/3089015