查看 Linux 版本和内核的方法

1. uname 命令

uname（unix name） 是一个打印系统信息的工具，包括内核名称、版本号、系统详细信息以及所运行的操作系统等等。

root@test-01 ~ >> uname -a
Linux test-01 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

2. /proc/version 文件

这个文件记录了 Linux 内核的版本、用于编译内核的 gcc 的版本、内核编译的时间，以及内核编译者的用户名。

root@test-01 ~ >> cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018

3. RPM 命令

RPM（红帽包管理器 [ RedHat Package Manager ]）是在 CentOS、Oracle Linux、Fedora 这些基于 RedHat 的操作系统上的一个强大的命令行包管理工具，同样也可以帮助我们查看系统的版本信息。

root@test-01 ~ >> rpm -q kernel
kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64

4. /boot/ 文件夹

/boot 文件夹包含所有引导相关的信息文件和文件夹，例如 grub.conf，vmlinuz image aka kernel 等。

root@test-01 ~ >> ll /boot/ | grep vmlinuz
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.2M 11月 23 2016 vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M 3月   8 03:16 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64

5. dmesg 命令

dmesg（展示信息 [ display message ] 或驱动程序信息 [ driver message ]）是大多数类 Unix 操作系统上的一个命令，用于打印内核的消息缓冲区的信息。

root@test-01 ~ >> dmesg | grep Linux
[    0.000000] Linux version 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 19:03:37 UTC 2018
[    2.644215] Linux agpgart interface v0.103
[    2.658447] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 ehci_hcd
[    2.662139] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 uhci_hcd

5. Yum/Dnf 命令

Yum（Yellowdog 更新器修改版 [ Yellowdog Updater Modified ]）是 Linux 操作系统上的一个包管理工具，而 yum 命令被用于一些基于 RedHat 的 Linux 发行版上安装、更新、查找、删除软件包。

root@test-01 ~ >> yum info kernel
Installed Packages
Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 514.el7
Size        : 148 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : anaconda
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 693.21.1.el7
Size        : 60 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : updates
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

root@test-01 ~ >> dnf info kernel
Installed Packages
Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Epoch       : 0
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 514.el7
Size        : 148 M
Repo        : @System
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

Name        : kernel
Arch        : x86_64
Epoch       : 0
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 693.21.1.el7
Size        : 60 M
Repo        : @System
Summary     : The Linux kernel
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system: memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.

Available Packages
Name        : kernel-debug
Arch        : x86_64
Epoch       : 0
Version     : 3.10.0
Release     : 693.21.1.el7
Size        : 45 M
Repo        : updates
Summary     : The Linux kernel compiled with extra debugging enabled
URL         : http://www.kernel.org/
License     : GPLv2
Description : The kernel package contains the Linux kernel (vmlinuz), the core of any
            : Linux operating system.  The kernel handles the basic functions
            : of the operating system:  memory allocation, process allocation, device
            : input and output, etc.
            : 
            : This variant of the kernel has numerous debugging options enabled.
            : It should only be installed when trying to gather additional information
            : on kernel bugs, as some of these options impact performance noticably.

6. lsb_release 命令（此命令适用于所有的 Linux 发行版本）

LSB（Linux 标准库 [ Linux Standard Base ]）能够打印发行版的具体信息，包括发行版名称、版本号、代号等。

如没有此命令可运行 yum install redhat-lsb-core 安装

root@test-01 ~ >> lsb_release -a
LSB Version:	:core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID:	CentOS
Description:	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
Release:	7.4.1708
Codename:	Core

7. /etc/*release 文件

release 文件通常被视为操作系统的标识。在 /etc 目录下放置了很多记录着发行版各种信息的文件，每个发行版都各自有一套这样记录着相关信息的文件。

root@test-01 ~ >> ll /etc/*release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  38 Aug 30  2017 /etc/centos-release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 393 Aug 30  2017 /etc/os-release
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  14 Mar 23 12:45 /etc/redhat-release -> centos-release
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  14 Mar 23 12:45 /etc/system-release -> centos-release

root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

8. /etc/issue | /etc/issue.net 文件（此命令适用于所有的 Linux 发行版本）

root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

root@test-01 ~ >> cat /etc/issue.net 
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/ziluoxingjun/blog/1805779