LeetCode - Maxmimum Gap

https://leetcode.com/problems/maximum-gap/

Given an unsorted array, find the maximum difference between the successive elements in its sorted form.

Try to solve it in linear time/space.

Return 0 if the array contains less than 2 elements.

You may assume all elements in the array are non-negative integers and fit in the 32-bit signed integer range.

这道题如果直接排序再算的话，复杂度是O(n*lgn)，因此，这里用O(n)的排序方法，bucket sort.

当一个数列长度是n，最大值是max，最小值是min时，它的最大gap至少为 len = (max-min)/(n-1),因此以这个值为桶的范围，则桶内的元素的差值都应该小于len, 而每个元素进入哪个桶由 (num[i] - min)/len决定。最大差值应该是桶之间存在的最大差值。而不是桶内的差值，因此，当分完桶后，遍历每个桶，就可以算出最大差值了。

public class Solution {
    class bucket{
        int high;
        int low;
        public bucket(int high, int low){
            this.high = high;
            this.low = low;
        }
    }
    public int maximumGap(int[] num) {
        if(num==null || num.length<2) return 0;
        int max = num[0];
        int min = num[0];
        for(int i=1; i<num.length; i++){
            max = Math.max(max, num[i]);
            min = Math.min(min, num[i]);
        }
        //int len = Math.max((max-min)/(num.length-1), 1);
        double interval = (double)(num.length-1)/(max-min);
        bucket[] buckets = new bucket[num.length+1];
        for(int i=0; i<num.length; i++){
            int loc = (int)((num[i]-min)*interval);
            if(buckets[loc] == null){
                buckets[loc] = new bucket(num[i], num[i]);
            }
            else{
                buckets[loc].high = Math.max(buckets[loc].high, num[i]);
                buckets[loc].low = Math.min(buckets[loc].low, num[i]);
            }
        }
        int pre = buckets[0].high;
        int maxdif = 0;
        for(int i=1; i<=num.length; i++){
            if(buckets[i] == null) continue;
            else{
                maxdif = Math.max(maxdif, buckets[i].low - pre);
                pre = buckets[i].high;
            } 
            
        }
        return maxdif;
    }
}

这道题还可以用radix sort做，待研究。。。。

以及bucket sort的一些细节问题，待研究。。。。

注意在算interval的时候一定要记得把除数和被除数转化成double后再算，不然interval就是0了。

下面是C++代码：

class bucket{
    public:
    bucket(int h, int l){
        this->high = h;
        this->low = l;
    }
    bucket(){
        this->high = -1;
        this->low = -1;
    }
    int high;
    int low;
};

class Solution {
public:
    int maximumGap(vector<int> &num) {
        if(num.size()<2) return 0;
        int max = num[0];
        int min = num[0];
        for(int i=0; i<num.size(); i++){
            max = std::max(num[i], max);
            min = std::min(num[i], min);
        }
        double interval = ((double)(num.size()))/((double)(max-min));
        bucket buckets[num.size()+1];
        int maxdif = 0;
        for(int i=0; i<num.size(); i++){
            int index = (int)((num[i]-min)*interval);
            if(buckets[index].high==-1){
                buckets[index].high = num[i];
                buckets[index].low = num[i];
            }
            else{
                buckets[index].high = std::max(num[i], buckets[index].high);
                buckets[index].low = std::min(num[i], buckets[index].low);
            }
        }
        int pre=buckets[0].high;
        
        for(int i=1; i<=num.size(); i++){
            if(buckets[i].high==-1) continue;
            else{
                maxdif = std::max(maxdif, (buckets[i].low - pre));
                pre = buckets[i].high;
            }
        }
        return maxdif;
    }
};