队列作为线性表的另一个数据结构,只允许在表的前端进行删除操作,而在表的后端进行插入操作,和栈一样,队列是一c#教程种操作受限制的线性表。
先来看下用法:
Queue queue = new Queue();
queue.Enqueue(1);
queue.Enqueue(2);
queue.Enqueue(3);
queue.Enqueue(4);
foreach (var r in queue)
{
Console.Write($"data:{r} ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine($"peek:{queue.Peek()}");
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Enqueue(5);
queue.Enqueue(6);
Console.WriteLine();
打印结果:
public class MyQueue
{
/// <summary>
/// 存储栈结构
/// </summary>
public object[] content { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 队列第一个节点
/// </summary>
public int head { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 对列最后一个节点
/// </summary>
public int tail { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 队列长度
/// </summary>
public int size { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 增长因子 100 == 1.0
/// </summary>
public int growFactor { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 最小增加量
/// </summary>
private const int minimumGrow = 4;
private const int _ShrinkThreshold = 32;
/// <summary>
/// 初始化
/// </summary>
public MyQueue()
: this(32, (float)2.0)
{
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="capacity">队列长度</param>
/// <param name="growFactor">增长因子</param>
public MyQueue(int capacity, float _growFactor)
{
if (capacity < 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("参数错误");
if (!(_growFactor >= 1.0 && _growFactor <= 10.0))
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("增长因子不在范围内");
content = new Object[capacity];
head = 0;
tail = 0;
size = 0;
growFactor = (int)(_growFactor * 100);
}
/// <summary>
/// 在队列尾处添加节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public virtual void Enqueue(object obj)
{
if (size == content.Length)
{
//计算扩展后的队列长度
int newCapacity = (int)(content.Length * growFactor / 100);
if (newCapacity < content.Length + newCapacity)
{
newCapacity = content.Length + minimumGrow;
}
SetCapacity(newCapacity);
}
content[tail] = obj;
tail = (tail + 1) % content.Length;
size++;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在队列头部出栈
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual Object Dequeue()
{
if (size == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("空队列");
object rem = content[head];
content[head] = null;
head = (head + 1) % content.Length;
size--;
return rem;
}
public virtual Object Peek()
{
if (size == 0)
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("空队列");
return content[head];
}
/// <summary>
/// 扩展队列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="capacity"></param>
private void SetCapacity(int capacity)
{
object[] newArray = new object[capacity];
if (size > 0)
{
if (head < tail)
{
Array.Copy(content, head, newArray, 0, size);
}
else
{
Array.Copy(content, head, newArray, 0, content.Length - head);
Array.Copy(content, 0, newArray, content.Length - head, head);
}
}
content = newArray;
head = 0;
tail = (size == capacity) ? 0 : size;
}
public void ShowAll()
{
for (int i = head; i < size; i++)
{
Console.Write($"index:{i},data:{content[i]} ");
}
Console.WriteLine("——————————————————————");
}
}
测试:
MyQueue queue = new MyQueue();
queue.Enqueue(1);
queue.Enqueue(2);
queue.Enqueue(3);
queue.Enqueue(4);
queue.ShowAll();
Console.WriteLine($"peek:{queue.Peek()}");
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Enqueue(5);
queue.Enqueue(6);
queue.ShowAll();
Console.ReadLine();
实现方式:
通过object对象数组,存储队列中的节点数据,另外定义两个指针分别指向队列的头部节点以及尾部节点。
Enqueue入队时,(如果队列长度达到数组最大长度,则通过扩展数组(队列长度 * 增长因子)来增加数组长度)通过在对尾附加节点来实现的。
Dequeue出队时,通过头指针后移实现出队列。
另外未实现地方,为节省内存空间,数组中出队后的空间也要加入到后续入队时用到的闲置位置。
以上方法都是以虚方法的方式实现的,便于后续重写(例如线程安全队列)。
打印结果: