目录
七、SpringMVC 的异常处理
7.1 异常处理思路
系统中异常包括两类:预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException,前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息,后者主要通过规范代码开发、测试通过手段减少运行时异常的发生。 系统的dao、service、controller出现都通过throws Exception向上抛出,最后由springmvc前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理
7.2 SpringMVC 的异常处理
7.2.1 数据准备
导入坐标
<!-- 版本锁定 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml
<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
springmvc.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cpz"/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 设置静态资源不过滤 -->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/> <!-- javascript -->
</beans>
index.jsp
<a href="user/testException">异常处理</a>
Controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/testException")
public String testException(){
System.out.println("执行了 testException 方法 !!! ");
int a = 10 / 0;
return "success";
}
}
测试结果
7.2.2 编写自定义异常类
package com.cpz.exception;
// 自定义异常类
public class MySysException extends Exception {
// 异常提示信息
private String message;
public MySysException(String message){
this.message = message;
}
@Override
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
7.2.3 编写异常处理器
package com.cpz.exception;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
// 异常处理器
public class MySysExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
// 跳转到具体的错误页面的方法
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
MySysException mySysException = null;
// 如果这个异常是我们自定义的异常类型,就强转成自定义的类型
if (ex instanceof MySysException){
mySysException = (MySysException) ex;
}else {
// 如果不是自定义类型,利用有参构造,存入一个错误信息
mySysException = new MySysException("请联系管理员!!!!");
}
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// 存入错误信息
mv.addObject("message",mySysException.getMessage());
// 确定跳转的页面
mv.setViewName("error");
return mv;
}
}
7.2.4 配置异常处理器
<!-- 配置异常处理器 -->
<bean id="mySysExceptionResolver" class="com.cpz.exception.MySysExceptionResolver"></bean>
7.2.5 Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/testException")
public String testException() throws MySysException {
System.out.println("执行了 testException 方法 !!! ");
try{
int a = 10 / 0;
}catch (Exception e){
throw new MySysException("页面出现问题啦,请稍后重试");
}
return "success";
}
7.2.6 error.jsp
<h1>访问失败!!!</h1>
${message}<br>