两个大数相乘

 

 

两个大数相乘
2007-08-27 00:35

Question:

(1),用一个整型数组表示一个大数,数组的每个元素储存大数的一位数字,则实际的大数d表示为:   d=a[k]*10的k-1次幂+a[k-1]*10的k-2次幂+......+a[2]*10+a[1]    其中a[0]保存该大数的位数.
(2),实现两个大数相乘.
(3),再此基础上实现两个大数相除

Solution:

/*
本程序假设所输入的大数均在20位以内,并且输入数字时候假定不出现非法情况(例如不存在这样情况123a78ty等)
这里只完成了大数的乘法运算
*/
#include "stdio.h"
#define MAX 21

void InputNumber(int []);                           //输入大数
void InitNumber(int []);                              //初始化用于存放结果的数组
void Multi(int [],int [],int []);                        //进行大数乘法
void singleMulti(int [],int,int []);                 //对大数乘以一位数的函数
void Add(int [],int []);                                 //对结果进行错位相加
void printresult(int []);                               //输出结果

void main()
{
     int largenumber1[MAX],largenumber2[MAX],mResult[2 * MAX -1];
                         //largenumber1[]和largenumber2[]表示要相乘的大数
                         //mResult[]表示结果存放的数组,显然其位数不会超过2 * (MAX - 1)
     printf("Input the first number:/n");
     InputNumber(largenumber1);
     printf("Input the second number:/n");
     InputNumber(largenumber2);
     InitNumber(mResult);
     Multi(largenumber1,largenumber2,mResult);
     printf("The result is:/n");
     printresult(mResult);
     getchar();
}

void InputNumber(int largenumber[])
{
     char numberchar;
     int i = 0;
     scanf("%c",&numberchar);
     while(numberchar != '/n' && i < MAX)               //最初输入大数用字符串表示
     {
         largenumber[++i] = numberchar - '0';
         scanf("%c",&numberchar);
     }
     largenumber[0] = i;                                             //largenumber[0]表示大数的有多少位
}

void InitNumber(int result[])
{
     for(int i = 0; i < 2 * MAX - 1; i++)
         result[i] = -1;                                                    //赋初值为-1非常高明
}

void Multi(int number1[],int number2[],int result[])
{
     int i;
     int temper[2 * MAX - 1];
     for(i = number2[0]; i >= 1; i--)                           //number2[0]记录number2[ ]大数到底有多少位
     {
         singleMulti(number1,number2[i],temper);
         Add(result,temper);
     }
}

void singleMulti(int number1[],int number2,int temper[])
{
     int i,t = 0,c = 2 * MAX - 2;
     for(i = number1[0]; i >= 1; i--)                           //number2[0]记录number2[ ]大数到底有多少位
     {
         int tempernumber = number2 * number1[i];
         temper[c--] = (tempernumber + t) % 10;
         t = (int)((tempernumber + t) / 10);
     }
     if (t > 0)
     {
         temper[c] = t;
         temper[0] = 2 * MAX - 2 - c + 1;                   //temper[0]记录所得的积最高位的确切位置,

                                                                                //此时为有进位的情况
     }
     else
         temper[0] = 2 * MAX -2 - c;
}

void Add(int result[],int temper[])
{
     static int pos = 2 * MAX - 2;                        //pos用来定位位置,用静态变量,别有一番用意
     int c = pos,t = 0;
     for(int i = 2 * MAX - 2; i > 2 * MAX - 2 - temper[0]; i--)
     {
         if (result[c] == -1)            
             result[c] = 0;
         int tempernumber = result[c] + temper[i];
         result[c--] = (tempernumber + t) % 10;
         t = (int)(tempernumber / 10);
     }
     if (t == 1)
         result[c] = 1;
     pos--;
}

void printresult(int result[])
{
     for(int i = 1; i < 2 * MAX - 1 ; i++)
         if (result[i] != -1)
             printf("%d",result[i]);
}

示例结果为:

以下是一个基于链表的 C 语言代码,用于计算两个大数的乘积。 ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct node { int data; struct node *next; }; typedef struct node Node; Node *create_node(int num) { Node *new_node = (Node *) malloc(sizeof(Node)); new_node->data = num; new_node->next = NULL; return new_node; } Node *insert_at_end(Node *head, int num) { Node *new_node = create_node(num); if (head == NULL) { head = new_node; return head; } Node *temp = head; while (temp->next != NULL) { temp = temp->next; } temp->next = new_node; return head; } Node *reverse_list(Node *head) { Node *prev = NULL, *current = head, *next = NULL; while (current != NULL) { next = current->next; current->next = prev; prev = current; current = next; } return prev; } Node *multiply_lists(Node *head1, Node *head2) { Node *result = NULL; Node *temp1 = head1, *temp2; int carry = 0, sum; while (temp1 != NULL) { temp2 = head2; Node *new_node = NULL; carry = 0; while (temp2 != NULL) { sum = (temp1->data * temp2->data) + carry; carry = sum / 10; new_node = insert_at_end(new_node, sum % 10); temp2 = temp2->next; } if (carry > 0) { new_node = insert_at_end(new_node, carry); } new_node = reverse_list(new_node); for (int i = 0; i < temp1->data; i++) { new_node = insert_at_end(new_node, 0); } result = add_lists(result, new_node); temp1 = temp1->next; } return result; } Node *add_lists(Node *head1, Node *head2) { Node *result = NULL; Node *temp1 = head1, *temp2 = head2; int carry = 0, sum; while (temp1 != NULL || temp2 != NULL) { sum = carry + (temp1 != NULL ? temp1->data : 0) + (temp2 != NULL ? temp2->data : 0); carry = sum / 10; result = insert_at_end(result, sum % 10); if (temp1 != NULL) { temp1 = temp1->next; } if (temp2 != NULL) { temp2 = temp2->next; } } if (carry > 0) { result = insert_at_end(result, carry); } return result; } void display_list(Node *head) { Node *temp = head; while (temp != NULL) { printf("%d", temp->data); temp = temp->next; } printf("\n"); } int main() { Node *num1 = NULL, *num2 = NULL, *result = NULL; char c; int num; printf("Enter first number:\n"); while ((c = getchar()) != '\n') { num = c - '0'; num1 = insert_at_end(num1, num); } printf("Enter second number:\n"); while ((c = getchar()) != '\n') { num = c - '0'; num2 = insert_at_end(num2, num); } num1 = reverse_list(num1); num2 = reverse_list(num2); result = multiply_lists(num1, num2); printf("Result:\n"); display_list(result); return 0; } ``` 该代码将两个大数存储为链表,并使用一个辅助函数来反转链表。然后,它将两个链表相乘,产生一个新的链表,该链表包含结果。最后,它将结果链表打印到控制台上。
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