操作系统提供了一系列的API 如Linux系统:
打开 open
读写 write /read
光标定位 lseek
关闭 close
打开 open
Pathname:要打开的文件名(含路径,缺省为当前路径)
Flags(常数):
- O_RDONLY 只读打开
- O_WRONLY 只写打开
- O_RDWR 可读可写打开 当我们附带了权限后,打开的文件就只能按照这种权限来操作。
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);
if(fd == -1){
printf("open file1 failed\n");
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
if(fd > 0){
printf("create file1 success!\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
以上这三个常数中应当只指定一 个。下列常数是可选择的: O_CREAT 若文件不存在则创建它。使用此选项时,需要同时说明;
- O_EXCL 如果同时指定了OCREAT,而文件已经存在,则出错。
- O_APPEND 每次写时都加到文件的尾端。
- O_TRUNC 属性去打开文件时,如果这个文件中本来是有内容的,而且为只读或只写成功打开,则将其长度截短为0。
第三个参数mode:用其说明该新文件的存取许可权限。一定是在flags中使用了O_CREAT标志,mode记录待创建的文件的访问权限
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,0600);
if(fd == -1){
printf("file cunZai\n");
}
return 0;
}
读写 read /write
ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
char *buf = "chenLichen hen shuai!";
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);
if(fd == -1){
printf("open file1 failed\n");
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);
if(fd > 0){
printf("create file1 success!\n");
}
}
printf("open susceess : fd = %d\n",fd);
//写
int n_write = write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
if(n_write != -1){
printf("write %d byte to file\n",n_write);
}
close(fd);
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);
char *readBuf;
readBuf = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*n_write + 1);
//读100个字节
int n_read = read(fd, readBuf,100);
printf("read %d ,context:%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
光标定位 lseek
off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);
whence(光标绝对位置):
SEEK_SET 头
SEEK_CUR 当前
SEEK_END 尾
offset:相对 whence 移动字节数
lseek(fd, -21, SEEK_CUR);
综合项目1:
小项目cp 指令
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
chenlichen
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fdSrc;
int fdDes;
char *readBuf=NULL;
if(argc != 3){
printf("pararm error\n");
exit(-1);
}
fdSrc = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
int size = lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_END);
lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);
readBuf=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*size + 8);
int n_read = read(fdSrc, readBuf, size);
fdDes = open(argv[2],O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0600);
int n_write = write(fdDes,readBuf,strlen(readBuf));
close(fdSrc);
close(fdDes);
return 0;
}
综合项目2:
修改配置文件
修改配置文件 function
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fdSrc;
char *readBuf=NULL;
if(argc != 2){
printf("pararm error\n");
exit(-1);
}
fdSrc = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
int size = lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_END);
lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);
readBuf=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*size + 8);
int n_read = read(fdSrc, readBuf, size);
char *p = strstr(readBuf,"LENG=");
if(p==NULL){
printf("not found\n");
exit(-1);
}
p = p+strlen("LENG=");
*p = 5;
lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);
int n_write = write(fdSrc,readBuf,strlen(readBuf));
close(fdSrc);
return 0;
}
综合项目3:
写入一个整形数;
思路:
1.write/read函数原型buf是一个指针
2.写入整数的指针
写入结构体:
写入结构体数组
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
int data = 100;
int data2 = 0;
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);
int n_write = write(fd,&data,sizeof(int));
lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
int n_read = read(fd, &data2, sizeof(int));
printf("read %d \n",data2);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Test
{
int a;
char c;
};
int main()
{
int fd;
struct Test data = {100,'a'};
struct Test data2;
fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);
int n_write = write(fd,&data,sizeof(struct Test));
lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
int n_read = read(fd, &data2, sizeof(struct Test));
printf("read %d,%c \n",data2.a,data2.c);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
fopen fread fwrite fseek fclose fgetc fputc feof与之前的有何区别
参考博文:总结open与fopen的区别 - NickyYe - 博客园
错误代码:
fp = fopen("./file","w+");
for(i = 0;i < strlen(str);i++){
fputc(*str,fp);
str++;
}
因为str在偏移,strlen是计算指针指向位置到尾部的长度,所计算出来的值小于真实值;
feof() 判断是否到文件尾巴,当到达文件尾巴时返回值 非0;没到尾巴返回 0;
fgetc() 获取文件内容,使用时fopen 模式要“w”
后面学习都是基于文件基础
小节:熟练应用文件的API(函数),后面深入学习需要到;