Hibernate-对象关系映射框架

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-20 16:20:03 发布

cho3en1

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-20 16:20:03 发布

阅读量817

点赞数

分类专栏： Hibernate 文章标签： hibernate hibernate原理 ssh框架 session ORM

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cho3en1/article/details/52702822

版权

Hibernate 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Hibernate简介

hibernate是一个开源的ORM（对象关系映射）框架，也是一个持久层的框架，它对JDBC做了非常轻量级的封装。

Hibernate核心（六大接口+配置文件）

Configuration：负责配置并启动Hibernate

SessionFactory：负责初始化Hibernate

Session：负责持久化对象的CRUD操作

Transaction：负责事务

Query和Criteria：负责执行各种数据库查询

Hibernate工作原理

通过Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();//读取并解析hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
由hibernate.cfg.xml中的<mapping resource = "com/xx/xx.hbm.xml" />//读取并解析映射信息
通过SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory();//创建SessionFactory会话工厂
Session session = sf.openSession();//打开Session
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();//创建并启动事务
persistent operate CRUD//数据持久化操作
tx.commit();//提交事务
关闭Session
关闭SesstionFactory

开发步骤：

创建Hibernate的配置文件
创建持久化类
创建对象-关系映射文件
通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库的代码

Hibernate开发实例

使用版本：Hibernate 4.2.4 + Mysql

导入Hibernate必须的jar包（Hibernate-release-4.2.4.Final\lib\required）
导入Mysql的jdbc驱动（mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar）
导入Junit4的jar包（Junit单元测试工具）//测试用

创建Hibernate的配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml

<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/students</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 
		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" 
		"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/students</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

创建持久化类

import java.util.Date;

//学生类
public class Students {

	private int sid;// 学号
	private String sname;// 姓名
	private String gender;// 性别
	private Date birthday;// 出生日期
	private String address;// 地址

	public Students() {

	}

	public Students(int sid, String sname, String gender, Date birthday,
			String address) {
		// super();
		this.sid = sid;
		this.sname = sname;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.address = address;
	}

	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}

	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}

	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}

	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}

	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Students [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", gender="
				+ gender + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address
				+ "]";
	}

}

创建对象-关系映射文件 Students.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
 	<class name="Students" table="STUDENTS">
 		<id name="sid" type="int">
 			<column name="SID" />
 			<generator class="assigned" />
 		</id>
 		<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
 			<column name="SNAME" />
 		</property>
 		<property name="gender" type="java.lang.String">
 			<column name="GENEDER" />
 		</property>
 		<property name="birthday" type="java.util.Data">
 			<column name="BIRTHDAY" />
 		</property>
 		<property name="address" type="java.lang.String">
 			<column name="ADDRESS" />
 		</property>
  	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

将Students.hbm.xml加入hibernate.cfg.xml
```
<mapping resource="Students.hbm.xml" />
```
创建数据库students 刷新表就会自动产生students表

使用Junit进行测试

@Test：测试方法
@Before：初始化方法
@After：释放资源

通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库的代码

Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();//创建配置对象
ServiceRegistry seviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();//创建服务注册对象
sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);//创建会话工厂对象

session = sessionFactory.openSession();//打开对话

package Test;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.Students;

//测试类
public class StudentTest {
	
	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transation;
	
	@Before
	public void init() {
		Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();
		sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		transation = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void destory() {
		transation.commit();//提交事务
		session.close();//关闭会话
		sessionFactory.close();//关闭会话工厂
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSaveStudents() {
		//生成学生对象
		Students s = new Students(1, "小明", "男", new Date(), "中国");
		session.save(s);//保存对象进入数据库
		
		
	}
}