1.通过传统配置文件(xml)的方式来实现Spring容器中的组件注册
项目工程目录结构:
1.1 创建maven工程,pom文件导入spring-context(核心组件包)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.stark</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringOne</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>SpringOne</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.2 在com/stark/bean下创建Person类
package com.stark.bean;
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public Person(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Person() {
}
}
1.3 在src下创建spring的配置文件beans.xml,将person类注册到容器中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--配置方式 注册一个bean组件--> <bean id="person" class="com.stark.bean.Person"> <property name="id" value="1"/> <property name="name" value="张三"/> <property name="age" value="20"/> </bean> </beans>
1.4通过配置文件方式读取bean测试
package com.stark;
import com.stark.bean.Person;
import com.stark.config.MainConfig;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String args[]){
//实例化容器
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
//获取组件
Person person=(Person)context.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
1.5 可以看下面获取bean组件的打印信息
2 通过注解方式来实现Spring容器中的组件注册
2.1 在com/stark/config下创建一个配置类MainConfig
package com.stark.config;
import com.stark.bean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration //告诉Spring 这是一个注解类
public class MainConfig {
@Bean(value = "persion1") //告诉Spring这是一个bean组件,类型为返回值的类型,id默认为方法名
public Person person(){
return new Person(1,"张三",20);
}
}
2.2通过注解方式读取bean测试
package com.stark;
import com.stark.bean.Person;
import com.stark.config.MainConfig;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String args[]){
//注解方式 获取
//实例化容器
ApplicationContext contexts=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
//获取组卷
Person person1=contexts.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(person1);
}
}
总结:通过注解方式实现的bean注册,远远要比传统配置 文件方式方便的多,主要用到了@Configuration和@Bean
带有@Configuration注解的MainConfig类 代替了 Beans.xml配置文件,会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器.
@Configuration会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描, 并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器
带有@Bean注解的方法代替了配置方式<bean id="" class=""></bean>,
@Bean是一个方法级别上的注解,主要用在@Configuration注解的类里,也可以用在@Component注解的类里。
Spring注解驱动系列持续更新中