需要解析的xml文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank>4</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank>68</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>
一,首先通过xml.etree进行解析
try:
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import sys
try:
tree = ET.parse("country.xml") #打开xml文档
#root = ET.fromstring(country_string) #从字符串传递xml
root = tree.getroot() #获得root节点
except Exception, e:
print "Error:cannot parse file:country.xml."
sys.exit(1)
print root.tag, "---", root.attrib
for child in root:
print child.tag, "---", child.attrib
print "*"*10
print root[0][1].text #通过下标访问
print root[0].tag, root[0].text
print "*"*10
for country in root.findall('country'): #找到root节点下的所有country节点
rank = country.find('rank').text #子节点下节点rank的值
name = country.get('name') #子节点下属性name的值
print name, rank
#修改xml文件
for country in root.findall('country'):
rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
if rank > 50:
root.remove(country)
tree.write('output.xml')
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8
二,使用xml.dom.进行内容解析
from xml.dom.minidom import parse
import xml.dom.minidom
# 使用minidom解析器打开XML文档
DOMTree = xml.dom.minidom.parse("country.xml")
Data = DOMTree.documentElement
if Data.hasAttribute("name"):
print "name element : %s" % Data.getAttribute("name")
# 在集合中获取所有国家
Countrys = Data.getElementsByTagName("country")
# 打印每个国家的详细信息
for Country in Countrys:
print "*****Country*****"
if Country.hasAttribute("name"):
print "name: %s" % Country.getAttribute("name")
rank = Country.getElementsByTagName('rank')[0]
print "rank: %s" % rank.childNodes[0].data
year = Country.getElementsByTagName('year')[0]
print "year: %s" % year.childNodes[0].data
gdppc = Country.getElementsByTagName('gdppc')[0]
print "gdppc: %s" % gdppc.childNodes[0].data
for neighbor in Country.getElementsByTagName("neighbor"):
print neighbor.tagName, ":", neighbor.getAttribute("name"), neighbor.getAttribute("direction")
三,使用xml.sax进行内容解析
import xml.sax
class CountryHandler(xml.sax.ContentHandler):
def __init__(self):
self.CurrentData = ""
self.rank = ""
self.year = ""
self.gdppc = ""
self.neighborname = ""
self.neighbordirection = ""
# 元素开始事件处理
def startElement(self, tag, attributes):
self.CurrentData = tag
if tag == "country":
print "*****Country*****"
name = attributes["name"]
print "name:", name
elif tag == "neighbor":
name = attributes["name"]
direction = attributes["direction"]
print name, "->", direction
# 元素结束事件处理
def endElement(self, tag):
if self.CurrentData == "rank":
print "rank:", self.rank
elif self.CurrentData == "year":
print "year:", self.year
elif self.CurrentData == "gdppc":
print "gdppc:", self.gdppc
self.CurrentData = ""
# 内容事件处理
def characters(self, content):
if self.CurrentData == "rank":
self.rank = content
elif self.CurrentData == "year":
self.year = content
elif self.CurrentData == "gdppc":
self.gdppc = content
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 创建一个 XMLReader
parser = xml.sax.make_parser()
# turn off namepsaces
parser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_namespaces, 0)
# 重写 ContextHandler
Handler = CountryHandler()
parser.setContentHandler(Handler)
parser.parse("country.xml")
从以上三种解析方式,个人更倾向流式的sax进行解析,相比较效率更高些。