STM32和OV7670的串口上位机调试

花了几天时间用stm32ov7670搞了个图像采集,这比我预想的要难很多。ov7670一百多个寄存器而且ov公司的datasheet简陋得常常让我想说一句:我去年买了个表。后来还是借鉴了网络上的一些寄存器配置,在加上苦读ov推出的资料终于还是搞出了个简陋的摸样出来。

话不多说了,给大家分享一下心得体会,以便帮助后面学习的朋友少走些弯路。

一:摄像头不比其他的传感器,有一定的难度,而且资料太过简陋,后面学习的朋友尽量买些成熟产品做开发,比如说淘宝买的开发套件。我就吃了这亏,stm32和摄像头完全从零做起,啥都没有,连上位机都准备自己写,这没必要时间成本太高了。

二:不要指望自己一个一个寄存器去配置,本来资料就简陋,有很多寄存器你看了资料未必能明白啥个意思,在网上找个配置方案(也可以借用我的配置方案)修改一些关键地方就行了。

三:注意焦距的调节,如果焦距调节不正确,可能画面模糊一片,慢慢调节一下焦距图像画面应该就出来了(前提是你已经采集到了图像)

四:注意SCCB(也就是I2C)的时序,可以借鉴我的初始化,但配置完成后用串口读取一些寄存器的值打印出来,看是否配置成功,如果这个都没有配置成功,你先别浪费时间找图像了。

五:网上能下载到的上位机,一般都会显示255的灰度图像,而ov7670是不能够输出灰度图像的所以只能将输出格式配置成为YUV,然后人为去掉UV,将Y传给上位机显示就是灰度图像了。(注意网上下载的上位机软件可能会有一些协议,最好先弄清楚,要不然你显示肯定是显示不出来的)

六:分辨率配置 (具体配置参考代码)主要有一下几个寄存器

0x 17         HSTART         

0x 18         HSTOP   

0x 19        VSTRT      

0x 1A        VSTOP    

0x 03       VREF

HREF 的高电平宽度等于我们所要显示的一行

HREF = WEIGHT*2; 乘以二是因为每个像素点是有两个

HSTOP=START + HREF;

184 + 320*2 = 824; 然后在用824784求余就是HSTOP的值(其原因,请仔细度ov7670的时序,如果懒得看,直接用就行)

七:配置为YUV格式关键寄存器配置:(引用于网络论坛,感谢他的分享)

{0x12, 0x10},//QVGA YUV
{0x3a, 0x14},//
使用固定UV输出
{0x3d, 0x80},//
使用固定UV输出
{0x67, 0x11},//
固定U值,0x11,方便测试
{0x68, 0xFF},//
固定V值,0xFF,方便测试
{0x40, 0xC0},//
初始配置,YUV模式,这个寄存器必须设置,否则不好使
为方便调试,都是用固定的U值和V值,
67中写入11,向68中写入FF,出来的是XX11XXFF,说明配置成功。
要注意的就是{0x40, 0xC0},这个必须设置成初始化值,默认配置便是YUV,不能再用RGB565的配置。顺便说一句,YUV模式为YUV 4:2:2,不是说8位里面4Y2U2V的意思, Y/U/V都是8位数据,只是UV是隔着Y轮流输出的,高字节的是Y,低字节为UV,做飞思卡尔智能车一般用的OV7620就是这样,一般只用Y的数据,用来判断黑白。

八:我的程序说明,各引脚(懒得打字,请看图片吧),串口用的是STM32UART3,还有需要注意的是我是用一个外部按键作为一帧图片的发送,每按一次发送帧的图片信号,用的是PA3

寄存器配置

void set_Cmos7670reg(void)

{       

         WrCmos7670(0x67, 0xaa);     

         WrCmos7670(0x68,0x55);     

        

         WrCmos7670(0x3a,0x14);     

         WrCmos7670(0x40,0xC0);     

         WrCmos7670(0x12,0x10);     

        

         WrCmos7670(0x32,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x17,0x16);     

         WrCmos7670(0x18,0x04);     

         WrCmos7670(0x19,0x02);

         WrCmos7670(0x1a,0x7b);

         WrCmos7670(0x03,0x06);     

         WrCmos7670(0x0c,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x3e,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x70,0x3a);

         WrCmos7670(0x71, 0x35);

         WrCmos7670(0x72,0x11);

         WrCmos7670(0x73,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0xa2,0x02);

         WrCmos7670(0x11,0x81);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x7a,0x20);

         WrCmos7670(0x7b,0x1c);

         WrCmos7670(0x7c,0x28);

         WrCmos7670(0x7d,0x3c);

         WrCmos7670(0x7e,0x55);

         WrCmos7670(0x7f,0x68);

         WrCmos7670(0x80,0x76);

         WrCmos7670(0x81,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x82,0x88);

         WrCmos7670(0x83,0x8f);

         WrCmos7670(0x84,0x96);

         WrCmos7670(0x85,0xa3);

         WrCmos7670(0x86,0xaf);

         WrCmos7670(0x87,0xc4);

         WrCmos7670(0x88,0xd7);

         WrCmos7670(0x89,0xe8);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x13,0xe0);

         WrCmos7670(0x00,0x00);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x10,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x0d,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x14,0x28);

         WrCmos7670(0xa5,0x05);

         WrCmos7670(0xab,0x07);

         WrCmos7670(0x24,0x75);

         WrCmos7670(0x25,0x63);

         WrCmos7670(0x26,0xA5);

         WrCmos7670(0x9f,0x78);

         WrCmos7670(0xa0,0x68);

         WrCmos7670(0xa1,0x03);

         WrCmos7670(0xa6,0xdf);

         WrCmos7670(0xa7,0xdf);

         WrCmos7670(0xa8,0xf0);

         WrCmos7670(0xa9,0x90);

         WrCmos7670(0xaa,0x94);

         WrCmos7670(0x13,0xe5);

 

         WrCmos7670(0x0e,0x61);

         WrCmos7670(0x0f,0x4b);

         WrCmos7670(0x16,0x02);

         WrCmos7670(0x1e,0x37);

         WrCmos7670(0x21,0x02);

         WrCmos7670(0x22,0x91);

         WrCmos7670(0x29,0x07);

         WrCmos7670(0x33,0x0b);

         WrCmos7670(0x35,0x0b);

         WrCmos7670(0x37,0x1d);

         WrCmos7670(0x38,0x71);

         WrCmos7670(0x39,0x2a);

         WrCmos7670(0x3c,0x78);

         WrCmos7670(0x4d,0x40);

         WrCmos7670(0x4e,0x20);

         WrCmos7670(0x69,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x6b,0x60);

         WrCmos7670(0x74,0x19);

         WrCmos7670(0x8d,0x4f);

         WrCmos7670(0x8e,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x8f,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x90,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x91,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x92,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x96,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x9a,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0xb0,0x84);

         WrCmos7670(0xb1,0x0c);

         WrCmos7670(0xb2,0x0e);

         WrCmos7670(0xb3,0x82);

         WrCmos7670(0xb8,0x0a);

 

         WrCmos7670(0x43,0x14);

         WrCmos7670(0x44,0xf0);

         WrCmos7670(0x45,0x34);

         WrCmos7670(0x46,0x58);

         WrCmos7670(0x47,0x28);

         WrCmos7670(0x48,0x3a);

         WrCmos7670(0x59,0x88);

         WrCmos7670(0x5a,0x88);

         WrCmos7670(0x5b,0x44);

         WrCmos7670(0x5c,0x67);

         WrCmos7670(0x5d,0x49);

         WrCmos7670(0x5e,0x0e);

         WrCmos7670(0x64,0x04);

         WrCmos7670(0x65,0x20);

         WrCmos7670(0x66,0x05);

         WrCmos7670(0x94,0x04);

         WrCmos7670(0x95,0x08);

         WrCmos7670(0x6c,0x0a);

         WrCmos7670(0x6d,0x55);

         WrCmos7670(0x6e,0x11);

         WrCmos7670(0x6f,0x9f);

         WrCmos7670(0x6a,0x40);

         WrCmos7670(0x01,0x40);

         WrCmos7670(0x02,0x40);

         WrCmos7670(0x13,0xe7);

         WrCmos7670(0x15,0x00); 

        

        

         WrCmos7670(0x4f,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x50,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x51,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x52,0x22);

         WrCmos7670(0x53,0x5e);

         WrCmos7670(0x54,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x58,0x9e);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x41,0x08);

         WrCmos7670(0x3f,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x75,0x05);

         WrCmos7670(0x76,0xe1);

         WrCmos7670(0x4c,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x77,0x01);

         WrCmos7670(0x3d,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x4b,0x09);

         WrCmos7670(0xc9,0x60);

         WrCmos7670(0x41,0x38);

         WrCmos7670(0x56,0x40);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x34,0x11);

         WrCmos7670(0x3b,0x02);

                                                                          

         WrCmos7670(0xa4,0x89);

         WrCmos7670(0x96,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x97,0x30);

         WrCmos7670(0x98,0x20);

         WrCmos7670(0x99,0x30);

         WrCmos7670(0x9a,0x84);

         WrCmos7670(0x9b,0x29);

         WrCmos7670(0x9c,0x03);

         WrCmos7670(0x9d,0x4c);

         WrCmos7670(0x9e,0x3f);

         WrCmos7670(0x78,0x04);

        

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x01);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0xf0);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x0f);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x00);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x10);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x7e);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x0a);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x0b);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x01);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x0c);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x0f);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x0d);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x20);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x09);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x80);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x02);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0xc0);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x03);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x40);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x05);

         WrCmos7670(0xc8,0x30);

         WrCmos7670(0x79,0x26);

         WrCmos7670(0x09,0x00);     

}

 

图片采集发送

void EXTI1_IRQHandler(void)

{

         u16 i,j,k=0;

         u8 t1,t2;

        

         EXTI_InitTypeDefEXTI_InitStructure;

         NVIC_InitTypeDefNVIC_InitStructure;

        

         EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line1);

        

         Vsync_Flag++;

        

         if(Vsync_Flag==1)    //FIFOD

         {

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_5);                  //FIFO_WRST=1;

                   __asm{nop;}

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_5);    //FIFO_WRST=0;

                  

                   delay_us(2);

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_5);                  //FIFO_WRST=1; 

 

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_3);                 

         }

        

         if(Vsync_Flag==2)

         {                

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_3);    //FIFO_WR=0;     //½ûÖ¹Êý¾ÝдÈëFIFO

                  

                   EXTI->IMR&=~(1<<4);     //¹Ø±ÕÍⲿÖжÏ

                   EXTI->EMR&=~(1<<4);

                  

                   EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line= EXTI_Line1;

                   EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode= EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;

                   EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger= EXTI_Trigger_Falling;

                   EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd= DISABLE;

                   EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);      //

                  

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel= TIM2_IRQn;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority= 0;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority= 0;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd= DISABLE;

                  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);             //

 

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);                  //FIFO_RCK=1;         

                  

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_6);    //FIFO_RRST=0;  //¶ÁÖ¸Õ븴λ

 

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);    //FIFO_RCK=0;  

                   __asm{nop;}__asm{nop;}

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);                  //FIFO_RCK=1;         

                   __asm{nop;}__asm{nop;}

                  

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);    //FIFO_RCK=0;

                  

           GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE, GPIO_Pin_6);             //FIFO_RRST=1;

                   __asm{nop;}

 

                            delay_us(2);

                   GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_2);    //FIFO_OE=0;//

                   __asm{nop;}

                  

                   USART3_Putc(0xff);          //请注意:这里是发送协议信号,不是图像信号

                  

                   for(i = 0; i< 9600; i++)                               

                   {     

                             for(j = 0; j < 8; j ++)

                            {                                                                                                                                          

                                     GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);//FIFO_RCK=0;   

                                     __asm{nop;}

                                    

                                     GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);         //FIFO_RCK=1;         

                                     __asm{nop;}

                                    

                                     t1=(0x00ff&GPIOC->IDR);       

                                    

                                     GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);//FIFO_RCK=0;

                                     __asm{nop;}

        

                                     GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_4);         //FIFO_RCK=1;         

                                     __asm{nop;}

                                    

                                     t2=(0x00ff&GPIOC->IDR);

                                     USART3_Putc(t1);

                            }

                            k=0;           //

                   }

                  

                   GPIO_SetBits(GPIOE,GPIO_Pin_2);                           //FIFO_OE=1;                     

                  

                   Vsync_Flag=0;

 

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel= TIM2_IRQn;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority= 0;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority= 0;

                   NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd= ENABLE;

                   NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

                  

                   EXTI->IMR|=(1<<4);        

                   EXTI->EMR|=(1<<4);                

         }

}

最后上图才有真相,电路虽然丑点但是可以用的。

 图片



图片

图片

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