单例模式
什么是单例?表面意思就是一个实例,只希望有一个这样的实例存在。
Ensure a class has only one instance,and provide a global point of access to it.
@startuml singleton
class Singleton{
- static final Singleton singleton = new Singleton()
- Singleton()
+ static Singleton getSingleton()
}
class Client{
}
Client --> Singleton
note "通过 Singleton.getSingleton()方式访问" as N1
N1 .. Client
@enduml
UML类图:
懒加载(懒汉)
public class Singleton {
// volatile 防止编译优化打乱顺序,造成线程安全问题
private volatile static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
// 双重检查
if (instance == null){
synchronized (Singleton.class){
if (instance == null){
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
静态内部类
public class Singleton {
private Singleton(){}
// Java中静态内部类可以访问其外部类的成员属性和方法,同时,静态内部类只有当被调用的时候才开始首次被加载
private static class SingletonHolder{
public static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}
饿汉
public class Singleton {
// 尚未使用时就初始化
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
枚举
enum
为 final
,有且仅有private
的构造器,自由序列化,线程安全,保证单例
JVM可以保证枚举类型不可被反射
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE{
@Override
protected void answer() {
System.out.println("yeah");
}
};
public void ask(){
System.out.println("hello world");
}
protected abstract void answer();
}
测试代码
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.INSTANCE;
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.INSTANCE;
System.out.println(instance.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance.equals(instance1));
}
}