最近在做一个视频监控项目的android客户端,要求用rtsp协议完成视频流的传输,但苦于找到不合适的库。之前考虑过用live555或ffmpeg,但涉及到jni调用,加之不熟悉函数调用顺序,开发难度和周期较长,遂作罢。于是乎,混迹于各大论坛寻找解决方案,经过一番苦苦寻觅,终于找到了一个比较满意的多媒体框架——vitamio。
vitamio作为一个国人开发的android多媒体开发框架,以支持格式多、操作简单、容易上手著称。vitamio也支持多种流媒体协议,如HTTP Streaming、rtsp、mms等等。国内也有很多播放器是基于该框架构建而成,用户基数较大。
在开始分析源码之前,我们先来分析一下mediaplayer的生命周期。
状态1:Idel(空闲)状态 当 mediaplayer创建或者执行reset()方法后处于这个状态。
状态2:Initialized(已初始化)状态 当 调用mediaplayer的setDataResource()方法给mediaplayer设置播放的数据源后,mediaplayer会处于该状态。
状态3:Prepared(准备就续)状态 设置完数据源后,调用mediaplayer的prepare()方法,让mediaplayer准备播放。值得一提的是,这里除了prepare()方法,还有prepareAsnyc()方法,此方法是异步方法,一般用于网络视频的缓冲。当缓冲完毕后,就会触发准备完毕的事件。我们要做的就是监听该事件(OnPreparedListener),当缓冲完成时,执行相应的操作。在此状态上,我们可以调用seekTo()方法定位视频,此方法不改变mediaplayer的状态;亦可调用stop()放弃视频播放,使mediaplayer处于Stopped状态。一般我们会在此状态上调用start()方法开始播放视频。
状态4:Started(开始)状态 当处于Prepared状态、Paused状态和PlayebackCompeleted状态时,调用Started()方法即可进入该状态。在该状态中,mediaplayer开始播放视频,可以通过seekTo()方法和start()方法改变视频播放的进度,当Looping为真且播放完毕后,它会重新开始播放(即循环播放);否则播放完毕后,会触发事件并调用OnCompletionaListener.OnCompletion()方法,进行特定操作,并进入PlaybackCompleted状态。在此状态中,亦可调用pause()方法或者stop()方法让视频暂停或停止,此时mediaplayer分别处于Stopped和Paused状态。
状态5:Stopped(停止)状态 当 mediaplayer处于Prepared 、Started、Paused、PlaybackCompleted状态时,调用stop()方法即可进入本状态。应特别注意的是,在本状态中,若想重新开始播放,不能直接调用start()方法,必须调用prepare()方法或prepareAsync()方法重新让mediaplayer处于Prepared状态方可调用start()方法播放视频。
状态6:Paused(暂停)状态 当 mediaplayer处于Started状态是,调用pause()方法即可进入本状态。在本状态里,可直接调用start()方法使,mediaplayer回到Started状态,亦可调用stop()方法停止视频播放,让播放器处于停止态。
状态7:PlaybackCompleted(播放完成)状态 当 mediaplayer播放完成且Looping为假时即可进入本状态。在本状态可调用start()方法使mediaplayer回到Started状态(注意此时是从头开始播放);亦可调用stop()方法使mediaplayer处于停止态,结束播放。
状态8:Error(错误)状态 当 mediaplayer出现错误时处于此状态。
调用release()方法即可释放此mediaplayer对象。
至此,我们已经了解了mediaplayer的声明周期,下面开始分析代码:
1、布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<io.vov.vitamio.widget.CenterLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/surface"
android:layout_width="320dp"
android:layout_height="480dp"
android:layout_gravity="center" >
</SurfaceView>
</io.vov.vitamio.widget.CenterLayout>
</LinearLayout>
这个布局文件非常简单,就是一个SurfaceView。其中它的宽和高是我手动指定的,官方给的demo中原本全都是wrap_content的,不过经过测试,当播放流媒体时,如果不手动指定的话,图像会很小。
2、代码
/*
* Copyright (C) 2013 yixia.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package io.vov.vitamio.demo;
import io.vov.vitamio.LibsChecker;
import io.vov.vitamio.MediaPlayer;
import io.vov.vitamio.MediaPlayer.OnBufferingUpdateListener;
import io.vov.vitamio.MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener;
import io.vov.vitamio.MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener;
import io.vov.vitamio.MediaPlayer.OnVideoSizeChangedListener;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.widget.Toast;
/*
注意这个activity的写法。它实现了很多接口,这样的话,我们在绑定事件监听时,就不用编写很多个内部监听类了,直接用this即可。
*/
public class MediaPlayerDemo_Video extends Activity implements OnBufferingUpdateListener, OnCompletionListener, OnPreparedListener, OnVideoSizeChangedListener, SurfaceHolder.Callback {
private static final String TAG = "MediaPlayerDemo";
private int mVideoWidth;
private int mVideoHeight;
private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
private SurfaceView mPreview;
private SurfaceHolder holder;
private String path="rtsp://184.72.239.149/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_175k.mov";//视频资源地址,是rtsp协议的流媒体
private Bundle extras;
private static final String MEDIA = "media";
private static final int LOCAL_AUDIO = 1;
private static final int STREAM_AUDIO = 2;
private static final int RESOURCES_AUDIO = 3;
private static final int LOCAL_VIDEO = 4;
private static final int STREAM_VIDEO = 5;
private boolean mIsVideoSizeKnown = false;
private boolean mIsVideoReadyToBePlayed = false;
/**
*
* Called when the activity is first created.
*/
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
super.onCreate(icicle);
if (!LibsChecker.checkVitamioLibs(this))//初始化库。若少了会报错!!
return;
setContentView(R.layout.mediaplayer_2);//加载布局文件
mPreview = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface);//查找组件
holder = mPreview.getHolder();//获取此surfaceView的holder对象。此holder对象即为mediaplayer显示的地方。
holder.addCallback(this);//设置回调。这里主要是surfaceChanged、surfaceDestroyed、surfaceCreated三个方法。
holder.setFormat(PixelFormat.RGBA_8888);
extras = getIntent().getExtras();//获取数据
}
private void playVideo(Integer Media) {
doCleanUp();
try {
switch (Media) {
case LOCAL_VIDEO:
/*
* TODO: Set the path variable to a local media file path.
*/
path = "/storage/sdcard0/1.avi";
if (path == "") {
// Tell the user to provide a media file URL.
Toast.makeText(MediaPlayerDemo_Video.this, "Please edit MediaPlayerDemo_Video Activity, " + "and set the path variable to your media file path." + " Your media file must be stored on sdcard.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
break;
case STREAM_VIDEO:
/*
* TODO: Set path variable to progressive streamable mp4 or
* 3gpp format URL. Http protocol should be used.
* Mediaplayer can only play "progressive streamable
* contents" which basically means: 1. the movie atom has to
* precede all the media data atoms. 2. The clip has to be
* reasonably interleaved.
*
*/
//path = "";
if (path == "") {
// Tell the user to provide a media file URL.
Toast.makeText(MediaPlayerDemo_Video.this, "Please edit MediaPlayerDemo_Video Activity," + " and set the path variable to your media file URL.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
break;
}
// Create a new media player and set the listeners
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(this);//初始化mediaplayer。
mMediaPlayer.setDataSource("rtsp://184.72.239.149/vod/mp4:BigBuckBunny_175k.mov");//设置数据源
mMediaPlayer.setDisplay(holder);//设置显示
mMediaPlayer.prepare();//准备(这里用prepareAsync()应该会更好。。)
mMediaPlayer.setOnBufferingUpdateListener(this);//设置缓冲监听
mMediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(this);//设置播放完毕监听
mMediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(this);//设置准备完毕监听
mMediaPlayer.setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(this);//设置显示大小改变监听
//mMediaPlayer.getMetadata();//在播放网络流媒体时。若加上此句,会产生I/O Error,不清楚为什么......另外个人认为此句没有意义。
setVolumeControlStream(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
public void onBufferingUpdate(MediaPlayer arg0, int percent) {//缓冲监听的实现
Log.d(TAG, "onBufferingUpdate percent:" + percent);
}
public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer arg0) {//播放完毕监听的实现
Log.d(TAG, "onCompletion called");
}
public void onVideoSizeChanged(MediaPlayer mp, int width, int height) {//显示大小改变监听的实现
Log.v(TAG, "onVideoSizeChanged called");
if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
Log.e(TAG, "invalid video width(" + width + ") or height(" + height + ")");
return;
}
mIsVideoSizeKnown = true;
mVideoWidth = width;
mVideoHeight = height;
if (mIsVideoReadyToBePlayed && mIsVideoSizeKnown) {
startVideoPlayback();
}
}
public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mediaplayer) {//准备完毕监听的实现
Log.d(TAG, "onPrepared called");
mIsVideoReadyToBePlayed = true;
if (mIsVideoReadyToBePlayed && mIsVideoSizeKnown) {
startVideoPlayback();
}
}
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder surfaceholder, int i, int j, int k) {
Log.d(TAG, "surfaceChanged called");
}
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder surfaceholder) {
Log.d(TAG, "surfaceDestroyed called");
}
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
Log.d(TAG, "surfaceCreated called");
playVideo(extras.getInt(MEDIA));
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {//当此activity处于pause状态时,停止播放,销毁mediaplayer
super.onPause();
releaseMediaPlayer();
doCleanUp();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {//当此activity即将销毁时,销毁mediaplayer
super.onDestroy();
releaseMediaPlayer();
doCleanUp();
}
private void releaseMediaPlayer() {
if (mMediaPlayer != null) {
mMediaPlayer.release();
mMediaPlayer = null;
}
}
private void doCleanUp() {
mVideoWidth = 0;
mVideoHeight = 0;
mIsVideoReadyToBePlayed = false;
mIsVideoSizeKnown = false;
}
private void startVideoPlayback() {
Log.v(TAG, "startVideoPlayback");
holder.setFixedSize(mVideoWidth, mVideoHeight);
mMediaPlayer.start();
}
}
现在初步实验成果,网络流媒体的播放也基本达到音画同步的要求,下一步就是用vitamio打造属于自己的播放器。
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