NSString

nsstring

NSString.h 介绍

NSString、NSMutableString基础知识 - 简书

玩转 NSString - 简书

NSStringCompareOptions 搜索、查找、比较需要使用

• 不区分大小写比较
• 逐字节比较 区分大小写
• 从字符串末尾开始搜索
• 搜索限制范围的字符串
• 按照字符串里的数字为依据
• 忽略 "-" 符号的比较
• 忽略字符串的长度，比较出结果 - 忽略等款字体宽度
• 项忽略不区分大小写比较的选，并强制返回
• 使用通用兼容的比较方法，如果设置此项，可以去掉 NSCaseInsensitiveSearch 和 NSAnchoredSearch

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSStringCompareOptions) {
    NSCaseInsensitiveSearch = 1,
    NSLiteralSearch = 2,		/* Exact character-by-character equivalence */
    NSBackwardsSearch = 4,		/* Search from end of source string */
    NSAnchoredSearch = 8,		/* Search is limited to start (or end, if NSBackwardsSearch) of source string */
    NSNumericSearch = 64,		/* Added in 10.2; Numbers within strings are compared using numeric value, that is, Foo2.txt < Foo7.txt < Foo25.txt; only applies to compare methods, not find */
    NSDiacriticInsensitiveSearch NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 128, /* If specified, ignores diacritics (o-umlaut == o) */
    NSWidthInsensitiveSearch NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 256, /* If specified, ignores width differences ('a' == UFF41) */
    NSForcedOrderingSearch NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 512, /* If specified, comparisons are forced to return either NSOrderedAscending or NSOrderedDescending if the strings are equivalent but not strictly equal, for stability when sorting (e.g. "aaa" > "AAA" with NSCaseInsensitiveSearch specified) */
    NSRegularExpressionSearch NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_7, 3_2) = 1024    /* Applies to rangeOfString:..., stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:..., and replaceOccurrencesOfString:... methods only; the search string is treated as an ICU-compatible regular expression; if set, no other options can apply except NSCaseInsensitiveSearch and NSAnchoredSearch */
};

NSStringEncoding 编码方式

基本只有NSUTF8StringEncoding = 4,能用到。

typedef NSUInteger NSStringEncoding;
NS_ENUM(NSStringEncoding) {
    NSASCIIStringEncoding = 1,		/* 0..127 only */
    NSNEXTSTEPStringEncoding = 2,
    NSJapaneseEUCStringEncoding = 3,
    NSUTF8StringEncoding = 4,
    NSISOLatin1StringEncoding = 5,
	  .....
}

Interface

@interface NSString : NSObject <NSCopying, NSMutableCopying, NSSecureCoding>
@property (readonly) NSUInteger length;//字符串长度
- (unichar)characterAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;// 获取特定位置字符
- (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
@end

Substrings 获取子字符串

- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)to;
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;                // Use with rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange: to avoid breaking up character sequences

/* 通过buffer指针获取c字符串数组 */
- (void)getCharacters:(unichar *)buffer range:(NSRange)range;   // Use with rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange: to avoid breaking up character sequences

comparison and equality 字符串比较

• range 是指self的range
• locale = nil 时，表示不依赖用户的locale
• localizedStandardCompare 在汉语中就是拼音排序，这个顺序将来可能会变

- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string;
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToCompare;
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToCompare locale:(nullable id)locale; // locale arg used to be a dictionary pre-Leopard. We now accept NSLocale. Assumes the current locale if non-nil and non-NSLocale. nil continues to mean canonical compare, which doesn't depend on user's locale choice.
- (NSComparisonResult)caseInsensitiveCompare:(NSString *)string;
- (NSComparisonResult)localizedCompare:(NSString *)string;
- (NSComparisonResult)localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare:(NSString *)string;

/* localizedStandardCompare:, added in 10.6, should be used whenever file names or other strings are presented in lists and tables where Finder-like sorting is appropriate.  The exact behavior of this method may be tweaked in future releases, and will be different under different localizations, so clients should not depend on the exact sorting order of the strings.
*/
- (NSComparisonResult)localizedStandardCompare:(NSString *)string NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
/* 是否相等 */
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)aString;

String searching 字符串搜索

- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)str;
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)str;
/* 寻找共同前缀 */
- (NSString *)commonPrefixWithString:(NSString *)str options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;

- (BOOL)containsString:(NSString *)str NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
- (BOOL)localizedCaseInsensitiveContainsString:(NSString *)str NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

- (BOOL)localizedStandardContainsString:(NSString *)str NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
- (NSRange)localizedStandardRangeOfString:(NSString *)str NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);

- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch locale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

- (NSRange)rangeOfCharacterFromSet:(NSCharacterSet *)searchSet;
- (NSRange)rangeOfCharacterFromSet:(NSCharacterSet *)searchSet options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfCharacterFromSet:(NSCharacterSet *)searchSet options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch;

/* index 和 range 参数包括部分表情符号位置，返回的range是整改表情符范围。用于表情符range计算 */
- (NSRange)rangeOfComposedCharacterSequenceAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
- (NSRange)rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:(NSRange)range NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)aString;
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);

Extracting numeric values 转换为数字

@property (readonly) double doubleValue;
@property (readonly) float floatValue;
@property (readonly) int intValue;
@property (readonly) NSInteger integerValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
@property (readonly) long long longLongValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
@property (readonly) BOOL boolValue NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

Case changing 大小写改变

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *uppercaseString;
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *lowercaseString;
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *capitalizedString;

/* The following three return the locale-aware case mappings. They are suitable for strings presented to the user.
默认本地化 - 9.0后添加convenience method暂时不能用
*/
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedUppercaseString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedLowercaseString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedCapitalizedString NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);

/* The following methods perform localized case mappings based on the locale specified. Passing nil indicates the canonical mapping.  For the user preference locale setting, specify +[NSLocale currentLocale].
指定本地化
*/
- (NSString *)uppercaseStringWithLocale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);
- (NSString *)lowercaseStringWithLocale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);
- (NSString *)capitalizedStringWithLocale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0);

Finding lines, sentences, words, etc 查找行、句子、单词的范围

这部分主要用于点击选行点击选段使用。再比如隔行变色等。

/* 获取所给range所在行的位置， contentsEndPtr 包括终止符的结束位置*/
- (void)getLineStart:(nullable NSUInteger *)startPtr end:(nullable NSUInteger *)lineEndPtr contentsEnd:(nullable NSUInteger *)contentsEndPtr forRange:(NSRange)range;
/* 通过行的部分range获取所在行的完整range */
- (NSRange)lineRangeForRange:(NSRange)range;

/* 获取所给range所在段的位置， contentsEndPtr 包括终止符的结束位置*/
- (void)getParagraphStart:(nullable NSUInteger *)startPtr end:(nullable NSUInteger *)parEndPtr contentsEnd:(nullable NSUInteger *)contentsEndPtr forRange:(NSRange)range;
/* 通过段的部分range获取所在段的完整range */
- (NSRange)paragraphRangeForRange:(NSRange)range;

/* 字符串遍历options */
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSStringEnumerationOptions) {
    // Pass in one of the "By" options:
	  /* 按行遍历*/
    NSStringEnumerationByLines = 0,                       // Equivalent to lineRangeForRange:
    /* 按段遍历*/
    NSStringEnumerationByParagraphs = 1,                  // Equivalent to paragraphRangeForRange:
    /* 按完整的表情符遍历*/
	  NSStringEnumerationByComposedCharacterSequences = 2,  // Equivalent to rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:
    NSStringEnumerationByWords = 3,
    NSStringEnumerationBySentences = 4,
    // ...and combine any of the desired additional options:
    NSStringEnumerationReverse = 1UL << 8,
    NSStringEnumerationSubstringNotRequired = 1UL << 9,
    NSStringEnumerationLocalized = 1UL << 10              // User's default locale
};

/* In the enumerate methods, the blocks will be invoked inside an autorelease pool, so any values assigned inside the block should be retained.
*/

/* 使用opts指定为细化的遍历 */
- (void)enumerateSubstringsInRange:(NSRange)range options:(NSStringEnumerationOptions)opts usingBlock:(void (^)(NSString * _Nullable substring, NSRange substringRange, NSRange enclosingRange, BOOL *stop))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
/* 一行一行的遍历一个字符串 */
- (void)enumerateLinesUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSString *line, BOOL *stop))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);

Character encoding and converting to/from c-string representations 字符编码、与C字符串相互转化

/* UTF8编码后的字符串数组 */
@property (nullable, readonly) const char *UTF8String NS_RETURNS_INNER_POINTER;	// Convenience to return null-terminated UTF8 representation
/* 最快编码方式 */
@property (readonly) NSStringEncoding fastestEncoding;    	// Result in O(1) time; a rough estimate
/* 最小编码方式 */
@property (readonly) NSStringEncoding smallestEncoding;   	// Result in O(n) time; the encoding in which the string is most compact
/* 使用指定编码到data，并决定是否可以有损压缩 */
- (nullable NSData *)dataUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding allowLossyConversion:(BOOL)lossy;   // External representation
- (nullable NSData *)dataUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;                                    // External representation
/* 是否可以使用某种编码 */
- (BOOL)canBeConvertedToEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;

/* Methods to convert NSString to a NULL-terminated cString using the specified encoding. Note, these are the "new" cString methods, and are not deprecated like the older cString methods which do not take encoding arguments.
*/
- (nullable const char *)cStringUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding NS_RETURNS_INNER_POINTER;	// "Autoreleased"; NULL return if encoding conversion not possible; for performance reasons, lifetime of this should not be considered longer than the lifetime of the receiving string (if the receiver string is freed, this might go invalid then, before the end of the autorelease scope)
- (BOOL)getCString:(char *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)maxBufferCount encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;	// NO return if conversion not possible due to encoding errors or too small of a buffer. The buffer should include room for maxBufferCount bytes; this number should accomodate the expected size of the return value plus the NULL termination character, which this method adds. (So note that the maxLength passed to this method is one more than the one you would have passed to the deprecated getCString:maxLength:.)

/* Use this to convert string section at a time into a fixed-size buffer, without any allocations.  Does not NULL-terminate. 
    buffer is the buffer to write to; if NULL, this method can be used to computed size of needed buffer.
    maxBufferCount is the length of the buffer in bytes. It's a good idea to make sure this is at least enough to hold one character's worth of conversion. 
    usedBufferCount is the length of the buffer used up by the current conversion. Can be NULL.
    encoding is the encoding to convert to.
    options specifies the options to apply.
    range is the range to convert.
    leftOver is the remaining range. Can be NULL.
    YES return indicates some characters were converted. Conversion might usually stop when the buffer fills, 
      but it might also stop when the conversion isn't possible due to the chosen encoding. 
*/
- (BOOL)getBytes:(nullable void *)buffer maxLength:(NSUInteger)maxBufferCount usedLength:(nullable NSUInteger *)usedBufferCount encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding options:(NSStringEncodingConversionOptions)options range:(NSRange)range remainingRange:(nullable NSRangePointer)leftover;

/* These return the maximum and exact number of bytes needed to store the receiver in the specified encoding in non-external representation. The first one is O(1), while the second one is O(n). These do not include space for a terminating null.
*/

/* 对字符串进行编码时所需的字节数 - 快速预测值 */
- (NSUInteger)maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;	// Result in O(1) time; the estimate may be way over what's needed. Returns 0 on error (overflow)
/* 对字符串进行编码时所需的字节数 - 精准计算值*/
- (NSUInteger)lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;		// Result in O(n) time; the result is exact. Returns 0 on error (cannot convert to specified encoding, or overflow)

/* 可用编码数组列表 */
#if FOUNDATION_SWIFT_SDK_EPOCH_AT_LEAST(8)
@property (class, readonly) const NSStringEncoding *availableStringEncodings;
#endif
/* 获取指定编码的本地化名称 */
+ (NSString *)localizedNameOfStringEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;

/* User-dependent encoding whose value is derived from user's default language and potentially other factors. The use of this encoding might sometimes be needed when interpreting user documents with unknown encodings, in the absence of other hints.  This encoding should be used rarely, if at all. Note that some potential values here might result in unexpected encoding conversions of even fairly straightforward NSString content --- for instance, punctuation characters with a bidirectional encoding.
 */
#if FOUNDATION_SWIFT_SDK_EPOCH_AT_LEAST(8)
@property (class, readonly) NSStringEncoding defaultCStringEncoding;	// Should be rarely used
#endif

Other

Unicode 标准化一些字符串

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *decomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping;
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping;
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *decomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping;
@property (readonly, copy) NSString *precomposedStringWithCompatibilityMapping;

// 分割字符串为数组
- (NSArray<NSString *> *)componentsSeparatedByString:(NSString *)separator;
// 使用字符集分割字符串
- (NSArray<NSString *> *)componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)separator NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

// 去除两端字符集
- (NSString *)stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)set;
// 从末尾填充字符串到特定长度  ex.  abc => abc... 
- (NSString *)stringByPaddingToLength:(NSUInteger)newLength withString:(NSString *)padString startingAtIndex:(NSUInteger)padIndex;

/* Returns a string with the character folding options applied. theOptions is a mask of compare flags with *InsensitiveSearch suffix.

@"ae  =>  @"æ"
*/
- (NSString *)stringByFoldingWithOptions:(NSStringCompareOptions)options locale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

/* Replace all occurrences of the target string in the specified range with replacement. Specified compare options are used for matching target. If NSRegularExpressionSearch is specified, the replacement is treated as a template, as in the corresponding NSRegularExpression methods, and no other options can apply except NSCaseInsensitiveSearch and NSAnchoredSearch.

options = NSRegularExpressionSearch 时支持正则匹配，[0-9]{1}匹配所有数字
*/
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement options:(NSStringCompareOptions)options range:(NSRange)searchRange NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

/* Replace all occurrences of the target string with replacement. Invokes the above method with 0 options and range of the whole string.
替换的简便调用方法
*/
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

/* Replace characters in range with the specified string, returning new string.
替换某一范围字符串
*/
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

/* 字符音译，如汉语转为拼音。定义了一个字符串枚举 - 9.0加入现阶段这个api暂时不能用 */
typedef NSString *NSStringTransform NS_EXTENSIBLE_STRING_ENUM;

/* Perform string transliteration.  The transformation represented by transform is applied to the receiver. reverse indicates that the inverse transform should be used instead, if it exists. Attempting to use an invalid transform identifier or reverse an irreversible transform will return nil; otherwise the transformed string value is returned (even if no characters are actually transformed). You can pass one of the predefined transforms below (NSStringTransformLatinToKatakana, etc), or any valid ICU transform ID as defined in the ICU User Guide. Arbitrary ICU transform rules are not supported.

汉语转拼音 --
*/
- (nullable NSString *)stringByApplyingTransform:(NSStringTransform)transform reverse:(BOOL)reverse NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);	// Returns nil if reverse not applicable or transform is invalid

FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToKatakana         NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToHiragana         NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToHangul           NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToArabic           NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToHebrew           NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToThai             NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToCyrillic         NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformLatinToGreek            NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformToLatin                 NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformMandarinToLatin         NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformHiraganaToKatakana      NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformFullwidthToHalfwidth    NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformToXMLHex                NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformToUnicodeName           NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformStripCombiningMarks     NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringTransform const NSStringTransformStripDiacritics         NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);


/* Write to specified url or path using the specified encoding.  The optional error return is to indicate file system or encoding errors.
字符串写入发文件 返回值表示是否成功
 */
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *description;
@property (readonly) NSUInteger hash;

Initializers 初始化

这些方法不能用于子类

/* In general creation methods in NSString do not apply to subclassers, as subclassers are assumed to provide their own init methods which create the string in the way the subclass wishes.  Designated initializers of NSString are thus init and initWithCoder:.
*/
- (instancetype)initWithCharactersNoCopy:(unichar *)characters length:(NSUInteger)length freeWhenDone:(BOOL)freeBuffer;	/* "NoCopy" is a hint */
- (instancetype)initWithCharacters:(const unichar *)characters length:(NSUInteger)length;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithUTF8String:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString;
- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)aString;
- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format arguments:(va_list)argList NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,0);
- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format locale:(nullable id)locale, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,3);
- (instancetype)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format locale:(nullable id)locale arguments:(va_list)argList NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,0);
- (nullable instancetype)initWithData:(NSData *)data encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithBytes:(const void *)bytes length:(NSUInteger)len encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(NSUInteger)len encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding freeWhenDone:(BOOL)freeBuffer;	/* "NoCopy" is a hint */

+ (instancetype)string;
+ (instancetype)stringWithString:(NSString *)string;
+ (instancetype)stringWithCharacters:(const unichar *)characters length:(NSUInteger)length;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithUTF8String:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString;
+ (instancetype)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
+ (instancetype)localizedStringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);

- (nullable instancetype)initWithCString:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithCString:(const char *)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;

/* These use the specified encoding.  If nil is returned, the optional error return indicates problem that was encountered (for instance, file system or encoding errors).
*/
- (nullable instancetype)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

/* These try to determine the encoding, and return the encoding which was used.  Note that these methods might get "smarter" in subsequent releases of the system, and use additional techniques for recognizing encodings. If nil is returned, the optional error return indicates problem that was encountered (for instance, file system or encoding errors).
*/
- (nullable instancetype)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url usedEncoding:(nullable NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(nullable NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url usedEncoding:(nullable NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(nullable NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;

Encoding detection 侦测编码并通过指针参数返回字符串

+ (NSStringEncoding)stringEncodingForData:(NSData *)data
                          encodingOptions:(nullable NSDictionary<NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey, id> *)opts
                          convertedString:(NSString * _Nullable * _Nullable)string
                      usedLossyConversion:(nullable BOOL *)usedLossyConversion NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

/* The following keys are for the option dictionary for the string encoding detection API.
*/
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionSuggestedEncodingsKey           NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSArray of NSNumbers which contain NSStringEncoding values; if this key is not present in the dictionary, all encodings are weighted the same
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionDisallowedEncodingsKey          NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSArray of NSNumbers which contain NSStringEncoding values; if this key is not present in the dictionary, all encodings are considered
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionUseOnlySuggestedEncodingsKey    NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSNumber boolean value; if this key is not present in the dictionary, the default value is NO
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionAllowLossyKey                   NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSNumber boolean value; if this key is not present in the dictionary, the default value is YES
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionFromWindowsKey                  NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSNumber boolean value; if this key is not present in the dictionary, the default value is NO
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionLossySubstitutionKey            NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSString value; if this key is not present in the dictionary, the default value is U+FFFD
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSStringEncodingDetectionOptionsKey const NSStringEncodingDetectionLikelyLanguageKey               NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);   // NSString value; ISO language code; if this key is not present in the dictionary, no such information is considered

Mutable string 可变字符串

/* NSMutableString primitive (funnel) method. See below for the other mutation methods.

早期不常用方法
*/
- (void)replaceCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)aString;

@end

@interface NSMutableString (NSMutableStringExtensionMethods)

/* Additional mutation methods.  For subclassers these are all available implemented in terms of the primitive replaceCharactersInRange:range: method.
*/
// 添加
- (void)insertString:(NSString *)aString atIndex:(NSUInteger)loc;
// 删除
- (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
// 追加
- (void)appendString:(NSString *)aString;
// 追加格式化字符串
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
// 重置字符串
- (void)setString:(NSString *)aString;

/* This method replaces all occurrences of the target string with the replacement string, in the specified range of the receiver string, and returns the number of replacements. NSBackwardsSearch means the search is done from the end of the range (the results could be different); NSAnchoredSearch means only anchored (but potentially multiple) instances will be replaced. NSLiteralSearch and NSCaseInsensitiveSearch also apply. NSNumericSearch is ignored. Use NSMakeRange(0, [receiver length]) to process whole string. If NSRegularExpressionSearch is specified, the replacement is treated as a template, as in the corresponding NSRegularExpression methods, and no other options can apply except NSCaseInsensitiveSearch and NSAnchoredSearch.
替换方法 - 返回值是替换的个数
*/
- (NSUInteger)replaceOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement options:(NSStringCompareOptions)options range:(NSRange)searchRange;

/* Perform string transliteration.  The transformation represented by transform is applied to the given range of string in place. Only the specified range will be modified, but the transform may look at portions of the string outside that range for context. If supplied, resultingRange is modified to reflect the new range corresponding to the original range. reverse indicates that the inverse transform should be used instead, if it exists. Attempting to use an invalid transform identifier or reverse an irreversible transform will return NO; otherwise YES is returned, even if no characters are actually transformed. You can pass one of the predefined transforms listed above (NSStringTransformLatinToKatakana, etc), or any valid ICU transform ID as defined in the ICU User Guide. Arbitrary ICU transform rules are not supported.

音译一个字符串
*/
- (BOOL)applyTransform:(NSString *)transform reverse:(BOOL)reverse range:(NSRange)range updatedRange:(nullable NSRangePointer)resultingRange NS_AVAILABLE(10_11, 9_0);

/* In addition to these two, NSMutableString responds properly to all NSString creation methods.
 */
- (NSMutableString *)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)capacity;
+ (NSMutableString *)stringWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)capacity;

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/sqdxxx/blog/1358292