1.结果跳转方式
转发（dispatcher），重定向（redirect），转发到action（chain），重定向到action（redirectAction）：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="result" namespace="/" extends="struts-default" >
<!-- 转发 -->
<action name="Demo1Action" class="cn.itheima.a_result.Demo1Action" method="execute" >
<result name="success" type="dispatcher" >/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
<!-- 重定向 -->
<action name="Demo2Action" class="cn.itheima.a_result.Demo2Action" method="execute" >
<result name="success" type="redirect" >/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
<!-- 转发到Action -->
<action name="Demo3Action" class="cn.itheima.a_result.Demo3Action" method="execute" >
<result name="success" type="chain">
<!-- action的名字 -->
<param name="actionName">Demo1Action</param>
<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
</result>
</action>
<!-- 重定向到Action -->
<action name="Demo4Action" class="cn.itheima.a_result.Demo4Action" method="execute" >
<result name="success" type="redirectAction">
<!-- action的名字 -->
<param name="actionName">Demo1Action</param>
<!-- action所在的命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
</result>
</action>
</package>
<include file="cn/itheima/b_api/struts.xml"></include>
<include file="cn/itheima/c_param/struts.xml"></include>
</struts>2.访问Servlet API的方式
Struts2中，Servlet和JSP的一些对象和域对象，以Map键值对的形式组装成ActionContext对象。
Servlet是线程不安全的，不能够使用成员变量接受参数，只能在方法内部接受。
ActionContext的生命周期：和request一样。每次请求到来时,都会创建一个新的Action实例，Action是线程安全的.可以使用成员变量接收参数
原理图如下：
获得这些API有三种方式，但常用的只有一种。
（1）通过ActionContext类
package cn.itheima.b_api;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//如何在action中获得原生ServletAPI
public class Demo5Action extends ActionSupport {
public String execute() throws Exception {
//request域=> map (struts2并不推荐使用原生request域，推荐使用ActionContext对象存取参数)
//不推荐
Map<String, Object> requestScope = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
//推荐
ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "requestTom");
//获得session域 => map
Map<String, Object> sessionScope = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
sessionScope.put("name", "sessionTom");
//获得application域=>map
Map<String, Object> applicationScope = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
applicationScope.put("name", "applicationTom");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
（2）通过ServletActionContext类（直接访问ServletAPI）
package cn.itheima.b_api;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//如何在action中获得原生ServletAPI
public class Demo6Action extends ActionSupport {
//并不推荐
public String execute() throws Exception {
//原生request
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
//原生session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//原生response
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
//原生servletContext
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
（3）通过实现接口方式
package cn.itheima.b_api;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//如何在action中获得原生ServletAPI
public class Demo7Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware {
//类似的接口还有：ServletResponseAware、SessionAwareServletContextAware
private HttpServletRequest request;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("原生request:"+request);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
}
}
3.struts2如何获得参数（三种方法）
struts MVC：（M业务模型层，V视图层，C控制层）
复习：三层架构和MVC思想
（1）属性驱动获得参数
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Demo9Action">
用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>package cn.itheima.c_param;
import java.util.Date;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//struts2如何获得参数
//每次请求Action时都会创建新的Action实例对象
public class Demo8Action extends ActionSupport {
public Demo8Action() {
super();
System.out.println("demo8Action被创建了!");
}
//准备与页面的参数键名称相同的属性
private String name;
//自动类型转换 只能转换8大基本数据类型以及对应包装类
private Integer age;
//支持特定类型字符串转换为Date ,例如 yyyy-MM-dd
private Date birthday;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("name参数值:"+name+",age参数值:"+age+",生日:"+birthday);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
（2）对象驱动获得参数（把属性驱动的属性和get/set方法提取出来，作为一个值对象，用来封装前台数据，底层是借助JavaBean实现）
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Demo10Action">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user.name" /><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="user.age" /><br>
生日:<input type="text" name="user.birthday" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>package cn.itheima.c_param;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.itheima.domain.User;
//struts2如何获得参数-方式2
public class Demo9Action extends ActionSupport {
//准备user对象
private User user;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
}
（3）模型驱动获得参数（需要实现一个接口）（也是借助JavaBean实现的）
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Demo10Action">
用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>package cn.itheima.c_param;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.sun.media.sound.ModelChannelMixer;
import cn.itheima.domain.User;
//struts2如何获得参数-方式2
public class Demo10Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User> {
//准备user 成员变量
private User user =new User();
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
}
4.集合类型参数封装
list和map类型参数封装：
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Demo11Action" method="post" >
list:<input type="text" name="list" /><br>
list::<input type="text" name="list[3]" /><br>
map:<input type="text" name="map['haha']" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>package cn.itheima.c_param;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
//struts2 封装集合类型参数
public class Demo11Action extends ActionSupport {
//list
private List<String> list;
//Map
private Map<String,String> map;
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("list:"+list);
System.out.println("map:"+map);
return SUCCESS;
}
public List<String> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
}
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