Lua note

Where Lua is Used
    Apache HTTP Server
    MysqlWorkbench
    Redis
    VLC Media Player
    Wireshark
    Lots and lots of games!
Types
    8 basic types
        nil
        boolean
        number
        string
            [[ this is a
            multi line data]]
        userdata
        function
        thread
        table
signle Assignment
    x = 1
multiple assignment
    x,y = 10,20
    NOTE
        variable print use:
            print(varname)
        exchange two variables example
            x = 1
            y = 2
            x,y = y,x
Expressions
    Expressions = value
    Type of expresions
        Numeric constants
        String literal
        Variable
        Unary and binary operations
        Function calls
        Function definitions
        Table constructions
Operators:
    Arithmetic(算术) (+,-,*,/,^,%)
    Relational(<,>,<=,>=,==,~=)
        Note:not equal is ~= in lua
    Logical (and,not,or)
    Other
        Concatenation
            "Hi" .. "there"
        Length
            #suckers
            name = "aaa"
            print(#name) -- show the length of name string variable
    If,Then,Else
        if boolean expression then
            --do something
        else
        --else if also can be used
            --do something
        end

Loops
    While - while boolean expression do something end
    Repeat - repeat something until boolean expression
    For (Numeric) - for variable = start,end,step do something end
        for i = 1,10 do print(i) end --the step can be omitted,default is 1
    For(Generic) - for k,v in iterator do something end
Scope
    By default,all variables in Lua are globally scoped
Functon
    Functions in Lua are first class citzens,that means they are like any other type
    Note:functions should be declared  before being used
Variadic functions(变参函数)
        function countStringLengths(...)
            --do stuff
            a,b,c = ...
        end
All functions declared are actually stored in variables
    When we write:
        function askQuestion(q)
            --do stuff
        end
    it really means:
        askQuestion = function(q)
            --do stuff
        end
Closures
    Even though Function A is out of scope,Function B can still access Function as local variable

Tables
    A table is an extremely flexible data structure
    Table elements can be accessed by using the '.' syntax,for example:
        grade.teacher
    also can be accessed by using the '[]' syntax,for example:
        grade['Teacher']
    The key of a table can be not quoted if key is a string, for example:
        grade[namel = 'jack']
    Just about any data structure can be created with a table
Arrays
    in lua,array index starts from 1,not from 0 like many other programming lanugages do
Object-Oriented Code Works in Lua
    In Lua,we can simulate classes using tables
    Metatables allow us to redefine some table behavior
    Metamethods
        __index
        __newindex
    Operators
        __add
        __sub
        __mul
        __concat
        ...
        __call
        __tostring
    Use metamethods,we can make tables very flexable

Classes
    There are no direct-support in Lua,but the ":" gives us a little help
    Inheritance is pretty easy using our 'class' system
Modules
    We can create reusable modules in Lua
git@github.com:yaowenqiang/lua-demo.git

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/8pBwdEmxK2hL/blog/232797